path: root/src/strings.cpp

/* $Id$ */

/** @file strings.cpp Handling of translated strings. */

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "openttd.h"
#include "currency.h"
#include "namegen_func.h"
#include "station_base.h"
#include "town.h"
#include "screenshot.h"
#include "waypoint.h"
#include "industry.h"
#include "variables.h"
#include "newgrf_text.h"
#include "music.h"
#include "industry.h"
#include "fileio_func.h"
#include "cargotype.h"
#include "group.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "newgrf_townname.h"
#include "signs_base.h"
#include "newgrf_engine.h"
#include "spritecache.h"
#include "fontcache.h"
#include "gui.h"
#include "strings_func.h"
#include "functions.h"
#include "rev.h"
#include "core/endian_func.hpp"
#include "date_func.h"
#include "vehicle_base.h"
#include "string_func.h"
#include "company_func.h"
#include "company_base.h"
#include "fios.h"
#include "settings_type.h"
#include "video/video_driver.hpp"
#include "engine_func.h"
#include "engine_base.h"
#include "saveload.h"

#include "table/strings.h"
#include "table/control_codes.h"

DynamicLanguages _dynlang;
uint64 _decode_parameters[20];

static char *StationGetSpecialString(char *buff, int x, const char* last);
static char *GetSpecialTownNameString(char *buff, int ind, uint32 seed, const char* last);
static char *GetSpecialNameString(char *buff, int ind, const int64 *argv, const char* last);

static char *FormatString(char *buff, const char *str, const int64 *argv, uint casei, const char* last);

struct LanguagePack {
	uint32 ident;       // 32-bits identifier
	uint32 version;     // 32-bits of auto generated version info which is basically a hash of strings.h
	char name[32];      // the international name of this language
	char own_name[32];  // the localized name of this language
	char isocode[16];   // the ISO code for the language (not country code)
	uint16 offsets[32]; // the offsets
	byte plural_form;   // how to compute plural forms
	byte text_dir;      // default direction of the text
	byte pad[2];        // pad header to be a multiple of 4
	char data[VARARRAY_SIZE]; // list of strings
};

static char **_langpack_offs;
static LanguagePack *_langpack;
static uint _langtab_num[32];   // Offset into langpack offs
static uint _langtab_start[32]; // Offset into langpack offs


/** Read an int64 from the argv array. */
static inline int64 GetInt64(const int64 **argv)
{
	assert(argv);
	return *(*argv)++;
}

/** Read an int32 from the argv array. */
static inline int32 GetInt32(const int64 **argv)
{
	return (int32)GetInt64(argv);
}

/** Read an array from the argv array. */
static inline const int64 *GetArgvPtr(const int64 **argv, int n)
{
	const int64 *result;
	assert(*argv);
	result = *argv;
	(*argv) += n;
	return result;
}


const char *GetStringPtr(StringID string)
{
	switch (GB(string, 11, 5)) {
		case 28: return GetGRFStringPtr(GB(string, 0, 11));
		case 29: return GetGRFStringPtr(GB(string, 0, 11) + 0x0800);
		case 30: return GetGRFStringPtr(GB(string, 0, 11) + 0x1000);
		default: return _langpack_offs[_langtab_start[string >> 11] + (string & 0x7FF)];
	}
}

/** The highest 8 bits of string contain the "case index".
 * These 8 bits will only be set when FormatString wants to print
 * the string in a different case. No one else except FormatString
 * should set those bits, therefore string CANNOT be StringID, but uint32.
 * @param buffr
 * @param string
 * @param argv
 * @param last
 * @return a formatted string of char
 */
static char *GetStringWithArgs(char *buffr, uint string, const int64 *argv, const char* last)
{
	if (GB(string, 0, 16) == 0) return GetStringWithArgs(buffr, STR_UNDEFINED, argv, last);

	uint index = GB(string,  0, 11);
	uint tab   = GB(string, 11,  5);

	switch (tab) {
		case 4:
			if (index >= 0xC0)
				return GetSpecialTownNameString(buffr, index - 0xC0, GetInt32(&argv), last);
			break;

		case 14:
			if (index >= 0xE4)
				return GetSpecialNameString(buffr, index - 0xE4, argv, last);
			break;

		case 15:
			/* Old table for custom names. This is no longer used */
			error("Incorrect conversion of custom name string.");

		case 26:
			/* Include string within newgrf text (format code 81) */
			if (HasBit(index, 10)) {
				StringID string = GetGRFStringID(0, 0xD000 + GB(index, 0, 10));
				return GetStringWithArgs(buffr, string, argv, last);
			}
			break;

		case 28:
			return FormatString(buffr, GetGRFStringPtr(index), argv, 0, last);

		case 29:
			return FormatString(buffr, GetGRFStringPtr(index + 0x0800), argv, 0, last);

		case 30:
			return FormatString(buffr, GetGRFStringPtr(index + 0x1000), argv, 0, last);

		case 31:
			NOT_REACHED();
	}

	if (index >= _langtab_num[tab]) {
		error(
			"String 0x%X is invalid. "
			"Probably because an old version of the .lng file.\n", string
		);
	}

	return FormatString(buffr, GetStringPtr(GB(string, 0, 16)), argv, GB(string, 24, 8), last);
}

char *GetString(char *buffr, StringID string, const char* last)
{
	return GetStringWithArgs(buffr, string, (int64*)_decode_parameters, last);
}


char *InlineString(char *buf, StringID string)
{
	buf += Utf8Encode(buf, SCC_STRING_ID);
	buf += Utf8Encode(buf, string);
	return buf;
}


/** This function is used to "bind" a C string to a OpenTTD dparam slot.
 * @param n slot of the string
 * @param str string to bind
 */
void SetDParamStr(uint n, const char *str)
{
	SetDParam(n, (uint64)(size_t)str);
}

void InjectDParam(uint amount)
{
	assert((uint)amount < lengthof(_decode_parameters));
	memmove(_decode_parameters + amount, _decode_parameters, sizeof(_decode_parameters) - amount * sizeof(uint64));
}

// TODO
static char *FormatCommaNumber(char *buff, int64 number, const char *last)
{
	uint64 divisor = 10000000000000000000ULL;
	uint64 quot;
	int i;
	uint64 tot;
	uint64 num;

	if (number < 0) {
		*buff++ = '-';
		number = -number;
	}

	num = number;

	tot = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
		quot = 0;
		if (num >= divisor) {
			quot = num / divisor;
			num = num % divisor;
		}
		if (tot |= quot || i == 19) {
			*buff++ = '0' + quot;
			if ((i % 3) == 1 && i != 19) *buff++ = ',';
		}

		divisor /= 10;
	}

	*buff = '\0';

	return buff;
}

// TODO
static char *FormatNoCommaNumber(char *buff, int64 number, const char *last)
{
	uint64 divisor = 10000000000000000000ULL;
	uint64 quot;
	int i;
	uint64 tot;
	uint64 num;

	if (number < 0) {
		buff = strecpy(buff, "-", last);
		number = -number;
	}

	num = number;

	tot = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
		quot = 0;
		if (num >= divisor) {
			quot = num / divisor;
			num = num % divisor;
		}
		if (tot |= quot || i == 19) {
			*buff++ = '0' + quot;
		}

		divisor /= 10;
	}

	*buff = '\0';

	return buff;
}

static char *FormatHexNumber(char *buff, int64 number, const char *last)
{
	return buff + snprintf(buff, last - buff, "0x%x", (uint32)number);
}

static char *FormatYmdString(char *buff, Date date, const char* last)
{
	YearMonthDay ymd;
	ConvertDateToYMD(date, &ymd);

	int64 args[3] = { ymd.day + STR_01AC_1ST - 1, STR_0162_JAN + ymd.month, ymd.year };
	return FormatString(buff, GetStringPtr(STR_DATE_LONG), args, 0, last);
}

static char *FormatMonthAndYear(char *buff, Date date, const char* last)
{
	YearMonthDay ymd;
	ConvertDateToYMD(date, &ymd);

	int64 args[2] = { STR_MONTH_JAN + ymd.month, ymd.year };
	return FormatString(buff, GetStringPtr(STR_DATE_SHORT), args, 0, last);
}

static char *FormatTinyDate(char *buff, Date date, const char* last)
{
	YearMonthDay ymd;
	ConvertDateToYMD(date, &ymd);

	char day[3];
	char month[3];
	/* We want to zero-pad the days and months */
	snprintf(day,   lengthof(day),   "%02i", ymd.day);
	snprintf(month, lengthof(month), "%02i", ymd.month + 1);

	int64 args[3] = { (int64)(size_t)day, (int64)(size_t)month, ymd.year };
	return FormatString(buff, GetStringPtr(STR_DATE_TINY), args, 0, last);
}

static char *FormatGenericCurrency(char *buff, const CurrencySpec *spec, Money number, bool compact, const char* last)
{
	/* We are going to make number absolute for printing, so
	 * keep this piece of data as we need it later on */
	bool negative = number < 0;
	const char *multiplier = "";
	char buf[40];
	char *p;
	int j;

	number *= spec->rate;

	/* convert from negative */
	if (number < 0) {
		if (buff + Utf8CharLen(SCC_RED) > last) return buff;
		buff += Utf8Encode(buff, SCC_RED);
		buff = strecpy(buff, "-", last);
		number = -number;
	}

	/* Add prefix part, folowing symbol_pos specification.
	 * Here, it can can be either 0 (prefix) or 2 (both prefix anf suffix).
	 * The only remaining value is 1 (suffix), so everything that is not 1 */
	if (spec->symbol_pos != 1) buff = strecpy(buff, spec->prefix, last);

	/* for huge numbers, compact the number into k or M */
	if (compact) {
		if (number >= 1000000000) {
			number = (number + 500000) / 1000000;
			multiplier = "M";
		} else if (number >= 1000000) {
			number = (number + 500) / 1000;
			multiplier = "k";
		}
	}

	/* convert to ascii number and add commas */
	p = endof(buf);
	*--p = '\0';
	j = 4;
	do {
		if (--j == 0) {
			*--p = spec->separator;
			j = 3;
		}
		*--p = '0' + (char)(number % 10);
	} while ((number /= 10) != 0);
	buff = strecpy(buff, p, last);

	buff = strecpy(buff, multiplier, last);

	/* Add suffix part, folowing symbol_pos specification.
	 * Here, it can can be either 1 (suffix) or 2 (both prefix anf suffix).
	 * The only remaining value is 1 (prefix), so everything that is not 0 */
	if (spec->symbol_pos != 0) buff = strecpy(buff, spec->suffix, last);

	if (negative) {
		if (buff + Utf8CharLen(SCC_PREVIOUS_COLOUR) > last) return buff;
		buff += Utf8Encode(buff, SCC_PREVIOUS_COLOUR);
		*buff = '\0';
	}

	return buff;
}

static int DeterminePluralForm(int64 count)
{
	/* The absolute value determines plurality */
	uint64 n = abs(count);

	switch (_langpack->plural_form) {
		default:
			NOT_REACHED();

		/* Two forms, singular used for one only
		 * Used in:
		 *   Danish, Dutch, English, German, Norwegian, Swedish, Estonian, Finnish,
		 *   Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Esperanto */
		case 0:
			return n != 1;

		/* Only one form
		 * Used in:
		 *   Hungarian, Japanese, Korean, Turkish */
		case 1:
			return 0;

		/* Two forms, singular used for zero and one
		 * Used in:
		 *   French, Brazilian Portuguese */
		case 2:
			return n > 1;

		/* Three forms, special case for zero
		 * Used in:
		 *   Latvian */
		case 3:
			return n % 10 == 1 && n % 100 != 11 ? 0 : n != 0 ? 1 : 2;

		/* Three forms, special case for one and two
		 * Used in:
		 *   Gaelige (Irish) */
		case 4:
			return n == 1 ? 0 : n == 2 ? 1 : 2;

		/* Three forms, special case for numbers ending in 1[2-9]
		 * Used in:
		 *   Lithuanian */
		case 5:
			return n % 10 == 1 && n % 100 != 11 ? 0 : n % 10 >= 2 && (n % 100 < 10 || n % 100 >= 20) ? 1 : 2;

		/* Three forms, special cases for numbers ending in 1 and 2, 3, 4, except those ending in 1[1-4]
		 * Used in:
		 *   Croatian, Czech, Russian, Slovak, Ukrainian */
		case 6:
			return n % 10 == 1 && n % 100 != 11 ? 0 : n % 10 >= 2 && n % 10 <= 4 && (n % 100 < 10 || n % 100 >= 20) ? 1 : 2;

		/* Three forms, special case for one and some numbers ending in 2, 3, or 4
		 * Used in:
		 *   Polish */
		case 7:
			return n == 1 ? 0 : n % 10 >= 2 && n % 10 <= 4 && (n % 100 < 10 || n % 100 >= 20) ? 1 : 2;

		/* Four forms, special case for one and all numbers ending in 02, 03, or 04
		 * Used in:
		 *   Slovenian */
		case 8:
			return n % 100 == 1 ? 0 : n % 100 == 2 ? 1 : n % 100 == 3 || n % 100 == 4 ? 2 : 3;

		/* Two forms; singular used for everything ending in 1 but not in 11.
		 * Used in:
		 *   Icelandic */
		case 9:
			return n % 10 == 1 && n % 100 != 11 ? 0 : 1;
	}
}

static const char *ParseStringChoice(const char *b, uint form, char *dst, int *dstlen)
{
	//<NUM> {Length of each string} {each string}
	uint n = (byte)*b++;
	uint pos, i, mylen = 0, mypos = 0;

	for (i = pos = 0; i != n; i++) {
		uint len = (byte)*b++;
		if (i == form) {
			mypos = pos;
			mylen = len;
		}
		pos += len;
	}
	*dstlen = mylen;
	memcpy(dst, b + mypos, mylen);
	return b + pos;
}

struct Units {
	int s_m;           ///< Multiplier for velocity
	int s_s;           ///< Shift for velocity
	StringID velocity; ///< String for velocity
	int p_m;           ///< Multiplier for power
	int p_s;           ///< Shift for power
	StringID power;    ///< String for velocity
	int w_m;           ///< Multiplier for weight
	int w_s;           ///< Shift for weight
	StringID s_weight; ///< Short string for weight
	StringID l_weight; ///< Long string for weight
	int v_m;           ///< Multiplier for volume
	int v_s;           ///< Shift for volume
	StringID s_volume; ///< Short string for volume
	StringID l_volume; ///< Long string for volume
	int f_m;           ///< Multiplier for force
	int f_s;           ///< Shift for force
	StringID force;    ///< String for force
};

/* Unit conversions */
static const Units units[] = {
	{ // Imperial (Original, mph, hp, metric ton, litre, kN)
		   1,  0, STR_UNITS_VELOCITY_IMPERIAL,
		   1,  0, STR_UNITS_POWER_IMPERIAL,
		   1,  0, STR_UNITS_WEIGHT_SHORT_METRIC, STR_UNITS_WEIGHT_LONG_METRIC,
		1000,  0, STR_UNITS_VOLUME_SHORT_METRIC, STR_UNITS_VOLUME_LONG_METRIC,
		   1,  0, STR_UNITS_FORCE_SI,
	},
	{ // Metric (km/h, hp, metric ton, litre, kN)
		 103,  6, STR_UNITS_VELOCITY_METRIC,
		   1,  0, STR_UNITS_POWER_METRIC,
		   1,  0, STR_UNITS_WEIGHT_SHORT_METRIC, STR_UNITS_WEIGHT_LONG_METRIC,
		1000,  0, STR_UNITS_VOLUME_SHORT_METRIC, STR_UNITS_VOLUME_LONG_METRIC,
		   1,  0, STR_UNITS_FORCE_SI,
	},
	{ // SI (m/s, kilowatt, kilogram, cubic metres, kilonewton)
		1831, 12, STR_UNITS_VELOCITY_SI,
		 764, 10, STR_UNITS_POWER_SI,
		1000,  0, STR_UNITS_WEIGHT_SHORT_SI, STR_UNITS_WEIGHT_LONG_SI,
		   1,  0, STR_UNITS_VOLUME_SHORT_SI, STR_UNITS_VOLUME_LONG_SI,
		   1,  0, STR_UNITS_FORCE_SI,
	},
};

/**
 * Convert the given (internal) speed to the display speed.
 * @param speed the speed to convert
 * @return the converted speed.
 */
uint ConvertSpeedToDisplaySpeed(uint speed)
{
 return (speed * units[_settings_game.locale.units].s_m) >> units[_settings_game.locale.units].s_s;
}

/**
 * Convert the given display speed to the (internal) speed.
 * @param speed the speed to convert
 * @return the converted speed.
 */
uint ConvertDisplaySpeedToSpeed(uint speed)
{
	return ((speed << units[_settings_game.locale.units].s_s) + units[_settings_game.locale.units].s_m / 2) / units[_settings_game.locale.units].s_m;
}

static char* FormatString(char* buff, const char* str, const int64* argv, uint casei, const char* last)
{
	WChar b;
	const int64 *argv_orig = argv;
	uint modifier = 0;

	while ((b = Utf8Consume(&str)) != '\0') {
		if (SCC_NEWGRF_FIRST <= b && b <= SCC_NEWGRF_LAST) {
			/* We need to pass some stuff as it might be modified; oh boy. */
			b = RemapNewGRFStringControlCode(b, &buff, &str, (int64*)argv);
			if (b == 0) continue;
		}

		switch (b) {
			case SCC_SETX: // {SETX}
				if (buff + Utf8CharLen(SCC_SETX) + 1 < last) {
					buff += Utf8Encode(buff, SCC_SETX);
					*buff++ = *str++;
				}
				break;

			case SCC_SETXY: // {SETXY}
				if (buff + Utf8CharLen(SCC_SETXY) + 2 < last) {
					buff += Utf8Encode(buff, SCC_SETXY);
					*buff++ = *str++;
					*buff++ = *str++;
				}
				break;

			case SCC_STRING_ID: // {STRINL}
				buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, Utf8Consume(&str), argv, last);
				break;

			case SCC_RAW_STRING_POINTER: { // {RAW_STRING}
				const char *str = (const char*)(size_t)GetInt64(&argv);
				buff = FormatString(buff, str, argv, casei, last);
				break;
			}

			case SCC_DATE_LONG: // {DATE_LONG}
				buff = FormatYmdString(buff, GetInt32(&argv), last);
				break;

			case SCC_DATE_SHORT: // {DATE_SHORT}
				buff = FormatMonthAndYear(buff, GetInt32(&argv), last);
				break;

			case SCC_VELOCITY: {// {VELOCITY}
				int64 args[1];
				assert(_settings_game.locale.units < lengthof(units));
				args[0] = ConvertSpeedToDisplaySpeed(GetInt32(&argv));
				buff = FormatString(buff, GetStringPtr(units[_settings_game.locale.units].velocity), args, modifier >> 24, last);
				modifier = 0;
				break;
			}

			case SCC_CURRENCY_COMPACT: /* {CURRCOMPACT} */
				buff = FormatGenericCurrency(buff, _currency, GetInt64(&argv), true, last);
				break;

			case SCC_REVISION: /* {REV} */
				buff = strecpy(buff, _openttd_revision, last);
				break;

			case SCC_CARGO_SHORT: { /* {SHORTCARGO} */
				/* Short description of cargotypes. Layout:
				 * 8-bit = cargo type
				 * 16-bit = cargo count */
				StringID cargo_str = GetCargo(GetInt32(&argv))->units_volume;
				switch (cargo_str) {
					case STR_TONS: {
						int64 args[1];
						assert(_settings_game.locale.units < lengthof(units));
						args[0] = GetInt32(&argv) * units[_settings_game.locale.units].w_m >> units[_settings_game.locale.units].w_s;
						buff = FormatString(buff, GetStringPtr(units[_settings_game.locale.units].l_weight), args, modifier >> 24, last);
						modifier = 0;
						break;
					}

					case STR_LITERS: {
						int64 args[1];
						assert(_settings_game.locale.units < lengthof(units));
						args[0] = GetInt32(&argv) * units[_settings_game.locale.units].v_m >> units[_settings_game.locale.units].v_s;
						buff = FormatString(buff, GetStringPtr(units[_settings_game.locale.units].l_volume), args, modifier >> 24, last);
						modifier = 0;
						break;
					}

					default:
						if (cargo_str >= 0xE000 && cargo_str < 0xF800) {
							/* NewGRF strings from Action 4 use a different format here,
							 * of e.g. "x tonnes of coal", so process accordingly. */
							buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, cargo_str, argv++, last);
						} else {
							buff = FormatCommaNumber(buff, GetInt32(&argv), last);
							buff = strecpy(buff, " ", last);
							buff = strecpy(buff, GetStringPtr(cargo_str), last);
						}
						break;
				}
			} break;

			case SCC_STRING1: { /* {STRING1} */
				/* String that consumes ONE argument */
				uint str = modifier + GetInt32(&argv);
				buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, str, GetArgvPtr(&argv, 1), last);
				modifier = 0;
				break;
			}

			case SCC_STRING2: { /* {STRING2} */
				/* String that consumes TWO arguments */
				uint str = modifier + GetInt32(&argv);
				buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, str, GetArgvPtr(&argv, 2), last);
				modifier = 0;
				break;
			}

			case SCC_STRING3: { /* {STRING3} */
				/* String that consumes THREE arguments */
				uint str = modifier + GetInt32(&argv);
				buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, str, GetArgvPtr(&argv, 3), last);
				modifier = 0;
				break;
			}

			case SCC_STRING4: { /* {STRING4} */
				/* String that consumes FOUR arguments */
				uint str = modifier + GetInt32(&argv);
				buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, str, GetArgvPtr(&argv, 4), last);
				modifier = 0;
				break;
			}

			case SCC_STRING5: { /* {STRING5} */
				/* String that consumes FIVE arguments */
				uint str = modifier + GetInt32(&argv);
				buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, str, GetArgvPtr(&argv, 5), last);
				modifier = 0;
				break;
			}

			case SCC_STATION_FEATURES: { /* {STATIONFEATURES} */
				buff = StationGetSpecialString(buff, GetInt32(&argv), last);
				break;
			}

			case SCC_INDUSTRY_NAME: { /* {INDUSTRY} */
				const Industry* i = GetIndustry(GetInt32(&argv));
				int64 args[2];

				/* industry not valid anymore? */
				if (!i->IsValid()) break;

				/* First print the town name and the industry type name
				 * The string STR_INDUSTRY_PATTERN controls the formatting */
				args[0] = i->town->index;
				args[1] = GetIndustrySpec(i->type)->name;
				buff = FormatString(buff, GetStringPtr(STR_INDUSTRY_FORMAT), args, modifier >> 24, last);
				modifier = 0;
				break;
			}

			case SCC_VOLUME: { // {VOLUME}
				int64 args[1];
				assert(_settings_game.locale.units < lengthof(units));
				args[0] = GetInt32(&argv) * units[_settings_game.locale.units].v_m >> units[_settings_game.locale.units].v_s;
				buff = FormatString(buff, GetStringPtr(units[_settings_game.locale.units].l_volume), args, modifier >> 24, last);
				modifier = 0;
				break;
			}

			case SCC_GENDER_LIST: { // {G 0 Der Die Das}
				const char *s = GetStringPtr(argv_orig[(byte)*str++]); // contains the string that determines gender.
				int len;
				int gender = 0;
				if (s != NULL) {
					wchar_t c = Utf8Consume(&s);
					/* Switch case is always put before genders, so remove those bits */
					if (c == SCC_SWITCH_CASE) {
						/* Skip to the last (i.e. default) case */
						for (uint num = (byte)*s++; num != 0; num--) s += 3 + (s[1] << 8) + s[2];

						c = Utf8Consume(&s);
					}
					/* Does this string have a gender, if so, set it */
					if (c == SCC_GENDER_INDEX) gender = (byte)s[0];
				}
				str = ParseStringChoice(str, gender, buff, &len);
				buff += len;
				break;
			}

			case SCC_DATE_TINY: { // {DATE_TINY}
				buff = FormatTinyDate(buff, GetInt32(&argv), last);
				break;
			}

			case SCC_CARGO: { // {CARGO}
				/* Layout now is:
				 *   8bit   - cargo type
				 *   16-bit - cargo count */
				CargoID cargo = GetInt32(&argv);
				StringID cargo_str = (cargo == CT_INVALID) ? STR_8838_N_A : GetCargo(cargo)->quantifier;
				buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, cargo_str, argv++, last);
				break;
			}

			case SCC_POWER: { // {POWER}
				int64 args[1];
				assert(_settings_game.locale.units < lengthof(units));
				args[0] = GetInt32(&argv) * units[_settings_game.locale.units].p_m >> units[_settings_game.locale.units].p_s;
				buff = FormatString(buff, GetStringPtr(units[_settings_game.locale.units].power), args, modifier >> 24, last);
				modifier = 0;
				break;
			}

			case SCC_VOLUME_SHORT: { // {VOLUME_S}
				int64 args[1];
				assert(_settings_game.locale.units < lengthof(units));
				args[0] = GetInt32(&argv) * units[_settings_game.locale.units].v_m >> units[_settings_game.locale.units].v_s;
				buff = FormatString(buff, GetStringPtr(units[_settings_game.locale.units].s_volume), args, modifier >> 24, last);
				modifier = 0;
				break;
			}

			case SCC_WEIGHT: { // {WEIGHT}
				int64 args[1];
				assert(_settings_game.locale.units < lengthof(units));
				args[0] = GetInt32(&argv) * units[_settings_game.locale.units].w_m >> units[_settings_game.locale.units].w_s;
				buff = FormatString(buff, GetStringPtr(units[_settings_game.locale.units].l_weight), args, modifier >> 24, last);
				modifier = 0;
				break;
			}

			case SCC_WEIGHT_SHORT: { // {WEIGHT_S}
				int64 args[1];
				assert(_settings_game.locale.units < lengthof(units));
				args[0] = GetInt32(&argv) * units[_settings_game.locale.units].w_m >> units[_settings_game.locale.units].w_s;
				buff = FormatString(buff, GetStringPtr(units[_settings_game.locale.units].s_weight), args, modifier >> 24, last);
				modifier = 0;
				break;
			}

			case SCC_FORCE: { // {FORCE}
				int64 args[1];
				assert(_settings_game.locale.units < lengthof(units));
				args[0] = GetInt32(&argv) * units[_settings_game.locale.units].f_m >> units[_settings_game.locale.units].f_s;
				buff = FormatString(buff, GetStringPtr(units[_settings_game.locale.units].force), args, modifier >> 24, last);
				modifier = 0;
				break;
			}

			case SCC_SKIP: // {SKIP}
				argv++;
				break;

			/* This sets up the gender for the string.
			 * We just ignore this one. It's used in {G 0 Der Die Das} to determine the case. */
			case SCC_GENDER_INDEX: // {GENDER 0}
				str++;
				break;

			case SCC_STRING: {// {STRING}
				uint str = modifier + GetInt32(&argv);
				/* WARNING. It's prohibited for the included string to consume any arguments.
				 * For included strings that consume argument, you should use STRING1, STRING2 etc.
				 * To debug stuff you can set argv to NULL and it will tell you */
				buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, str, argv, last);
				modifier = 0;
				break;
			}

			case SCC_COMMA: // {COMMA}
				buff = FormatCommaNumber(buff, GetInt64(&argv), last);
				break;

			case SCC_ARG_INDEX: // Move argument pointer
				argv = argv_orig + (byte)*str++;
				break;

			case SCC_PLURAL_LIST: { // {P}
				int64 v = argv_orig[(byte)*str++]; // contains the number that determines plural
				int len;
				str = ParseStringChoice(str, DeterminePluralForm(v), buff, &len);
				buff += len;
				break;
			}

			case SCC_NUM: // {NUM}
				buff = FormatNoCommaNumber(buff, GetInt64(&argv), last);
				break;

			case SCC_HEX: // {HEX}
				buff = FormatHexNumber(buff, GetInt64(&argv), last);
				break;

			case SCC_CURRENCY: // {CURRENCY}
				buff = FormatGenericCurrency(buff, _currency, GetInt64(&argv), false, last);
				break;

			case SCC_WAYPOINT_NAME: { // {WAYPOINT}
				Waypoint *wp = GetWaypoint(GetInt32(&argv));

				assert(wp->IsValid());

				if (wp->name != NULL) {
					buff = strecpy(buff, wp->name, last);
				} else {
					int64 temp[2];
					temp[0] = wp->town_index;
					temp[1] = wp->town_cn + 1;
					StringID str = wp->town_cn == 0 ? STR_WAYPOINTNAME_CITY : STR_WAYPOINTNAME_CITY_SERIAL;

					buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, str, temp, last);
				}
				break;
			}

			case SCC_STATION_NAME: { // {STATION}
				StationID sid = GetInt32(&argv);

				if (!IsValidStationID(sid)) {
					/* The station doesn't exist anymore. The only place where we might
					 * be "drawing" an invalid station is in the case of cargo that is
					 * in transit. */
					buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, STR_UNKNOWN_STATION, NULL, last);
					break;
				}

				const Station *st = GetStation(sid);
				if (st->name != NULL) {
					buff = strecpy(buff, st->name, last);
				} else {
					int64 temp[3];
					temp[0] = STR_TOWN;
					temp[1] = st->town->index;
					temp[2] = st->index;
					buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, st->string_id, temp, last);
				}
				break;
			}

			case SCC_TOWN_NAME: { // {TOWN}
				const Town* t = GetTown(GetInt32(&argv));
				int64 temp[1];

				assert(t->IsValid());

				temp[0] = t->townnameparts;
				uint32 grfid = t->townnamegrfid;

				if (t->name != NULL) {
					buff = strecpy(buff, t->name, last);
				} else if (grfid == 0) {
					/* Original town name */
					buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, t->townnametype, temp, last);
				} else {
					/* Newgrf town name */
					if (GetGRFTownName(grfid) != NULL) {
						/* The grf is loaded */
						buff = GRFTownNameGenerate(buff, t->townnamegrfid, t->townnametype, t->townnameparts, last);
					} else {
						/* Fallback to english original */
						buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, SPECSTR_TOWNNAME_ENGLISH, temp, last);
					}
				}
				break;
			}

			case SCC_GROUP_NAME: { // {GROUP}
				const Group *g = GetGroup(GetInt32(&argv));

				assert(g->IsValid());

				if (g->name != NULL) {
					buff = strecpy(buff, g->name, last);
				} else {
					int64 args[1];

					args[0] = g->index;
					buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, STR_GROUP_NAME_FORMAT, args, last);
				}
				break;
			}

			case SCC_ENGINE_NAME: { // {ENGINE}
				EngineID engine = (EngineID)GetInt32(&argv);
				const Engine *e = GetEngine(engine);

				if (e->name != NULL) {
					buff = strecpy(buff, e->name, last);
				} else {
					buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, e->info.string_id, NULL, last);
				}
				break;
			}

			case SCC_VEHICLE_NAME: { // {VEHICLE}
				const Vehicle *v = GetVehicle(GetInt32(&argv));

				if (v->name != NULL) {
					buff = strecpy(buff, v->name, last);
				} else {
					int64 args[1];
					args[0] = v->unitnumber;

					StringID str;
					switch (v->type) {
						default: NOT_REACHED();
						case VEH_TRAIN:    str = STR_SV_TRAIN_NAME; break;
						case VEH_ROAD:     str = STR_SV_ROADVEH_NAME; break;
						case VEH_SHIP:     str = STR_SV_SHIP_NAME; break;
						case VEH_AIRCRAFT: str = STR_SV_AIRCRAFT_NAME; break;
					}

					buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, str, args, last);
				}
				break;
			}

			case SCC_SIGN_NAME: { // {SIGN}
				const Sign *si = GetSign(GetInt32(&argv));
				if (si->name != NULL) {
					buff = strecpy(buff, si->name, last);
				} else {
					buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, STR_280A_SIGN, NULL, last);
				}
				break;
			}

			case SCC_COMPANY_NAME: { // {COMPANY}
				const Company *c = GetCompany((CompanyID)GetInt32(&argv));

				if (c->name != NULL) {
					buff = strecpy(buff, c->name, last);
				} else {
					int64 args[1];
					args[0] = c->name_2;
					buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, c->name_1, args, last);
				}
				break;
			}

			case SCC_COMPANY_NUM: { // {COMPANYNUM}
				CompanyID company = (CompanyID)GetInt32(&argv);

				/* Nothing is added for AI or inactive companies */
				if (IsValidCompanyID(company) && IsHumanCompany(company)) {
					int64 args[1];
					args[0] = company + 1;
					buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, STR_7002_COMPANY, args, last);
				}
				break;
			}

			case SCC_PRESIDENT_NAME: { // {PRESIDENTNAME}
				const Company *c = GetCompany((CompanyID)GetInt32(&argv));

				if (c->president_name != NULL) {
					buff = strecpy(buff, c->president_name, last);
				} else {
					int64 args[1];
					args[0] = c->president_name_2;
					buff = GetStringWithArgs(buff, c->president_name_1, args, last);
				}
				break;
			}

			case SCC_SETCASE: { // {SETCASE}
				/* This is a pseudo command, it's outputted when someone does {STRING.ack}
				 * The modifier is added to all subsequent GetStringWithArgs that accept the modifier. */
				modifier = (byte)*str++ << 24;
				break;
			}

			case SCC_SWITCH_CASE: { // {Used to implement case switching}
				/* <0x9E> <NUM CASES> <CASE1> <LEN1> <STRING1> <CASE2> <LEN2> <STRING2> <CASE3> <LEN3> <STRING3> <STRINGDEFAULT>
				 * Each LEN is printed using 2 bytes in big endian order. */
				uint num = (byte)*str++;
				while (num) {
					if ((byte)str[0] == casei) {
						/* Found the case, adjust str pointer and continue */
						str += 3;
						break;
					}
					/* Otherwise skip to the next case */
					str += 3 + (str[1] << 8) + str[2];
					num--;
				}
				break;
			}

			default:
				if (buff + Utf8CharLen(b) < last) buff += Utf8Encode(buff, b);
				break;
		}
	}
	*buff = '\0';
	return buff;
}


static char *StationGetSpecialString(char *buff, int x, const char* last)
{
	if ((x & FACIL_TRAIN)      && (buff + Utf8CharLen(SCC_TRAIN) < last)) buff += Utf8Encode(buff, SCC_TRAIN);
	if ((x & FACIL_TRUCK_STOP) && (buff + Utf8CharLen(SCC_LORRY) < last)) buff += Utf8Encode(buff, SCC_LORRY);
	if ((x & FACIL_BUS_STOP)   && (buff + Utf8CharLen(SCC_BUS)   < last)) buff += Utf8Encode(buff, SCC_BUS);
	if ((x & FACIL_AIRPORT)    && (buff + Utf8CharLen(SCC_PLANE) < last)) buff += Utf8Encode(buff, SCC_PLANE);
	if ((x & FACIL_DOCK)       && (buff + Utf8CharLen(SCC_SHIP)  < last)) buff += Utf8Encode(buff, SCC_SHIP);
	*buff = '\0';
	return buff;
}

static char *GetSpecialTownNameString(char *buff, int ind, uint32 seed, const char* last)
{
	char name[512];

	_town_name_generators[ind](name, seed, lastof(name));
	return strecpy(buff, name, last);
}

static const char* const _silly_company_names[] = {
	"Bloggs Brothers",
	"Tiny Transport Ltd.",
	"Express Travel",
	"Comfy-Coach & Co.",
	"Crush & Bump Ltd.",
	"Broken & Late Ltd.",
	"Sam Speedy & Son",
	"Supersonic Travel",
	"Mike's Motors",
	"Lightning International",
	"Pannik & Loozit Ltd.",
	"Inter-City Transport",
	"Getout & Pushit Ltd."
};

static const char* const _surname_list[] = {
	"Adams",
	"Allan",
	"Baker",
	"Bigwig",
	"Black",
	"Bloggs",
	"Brown",
	"Campbell",
	"Gordon",
	"Hamilton",
	"Hawthorn",
	"Higgins",
	"Green",
	"Gribble",
	"Jones",
	"McAlpine",
	"MacDonald",
	"McIntosh",
	"Muir",
	"Murphy",
	"Nelson",
	"O'Donnell",
	"Parker",
	"Phillips",
	"Pilkington",
	"Quigley",
	"Sharkey",
	"Thomson",
	"Watkins"
};

static const char* const _silly_surname_list[] = {
	"Grumpy",
	"Dozy",
	"Speedy",
	"Nosey",
	"Dribble",
	"Mushroom",
	"Cabbage",
	"Sniffle",
	"Fishy",
	"Swindle",
	"Sneaky",
	"Nutkins"
};

static const char _initial_name_letters[] = {
	'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J',
	'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'P', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'W',
};

static char *GenAndCoName(char *buff, uint32 arg, const char* last)
{
	const char* const* base;
	uint num;

	if (_settings_game.game_creation.landscape == LT_TOYLAND) {
		base = _silly_surname_list;
		num  = lengthof(_silly_surname_list);
	} else {
		base = _surname_list;
		num  = lengthof(_surname_list);
	}

	buff = strecpy(buff, base[num * GB(arg, 16, 8) >> 8], last);
	buff = strecpy(buff, " & Co.", last);

	return buff;
}

static char *GenPresidentName(char *buff, uint32 x, const char* last)
{
	char initial[] = "?. ";
	const char* const* base;
	uint num;
	uint i;

	initial[0] = _initial_name_letters[sizeof(_initial_name_letters) * GB(x, 0, 8) >> 8];
	buff = strecpy(buff, initial, last);

	i = (sizeof(_initial_name_letters) + 35) * GB(x, 8, 8) >> 8;
	if (i < sizeof(_initial_name_letters)) {
		initial[0] = _initial_name_letters[i];
		buff = strecpy(buff, initial, last);
	}

	if (_settings_game.game_creation.landscape == LT_TOYLAND) {
		base = _silly_surname_list;
		num  = lengthof(_silly_surname_list);
	} else {
		base = _surname_list;
		num  = lengthof(_surname_list);
	}

	buff = strecpy(buff, base[num * GB(x, 16, 8) >> 8], last);

	return buff;
}

static char *GetSpecialNameString(char *buff, int ind, const int64 *argv, const char* last)
{
	switch (ind) {
		case 1: // not used
			return strecpy(buff, _silly_company_names[GetInt32(&argv) & 0xFFFF], last);

		case 2: // used for Foobar & Co company names
			return GenAndCoName(buff, GetInt32(&argv), last);

		case 3: // President name
			return GenPresidentName(buff, GetInt32(&argv), last);

		case 4: // song names
			return strecpy(buff, origin_songs_specs[GetInt32(&argv) - 1].song_name, last);
	}

	/* town name? */
	if (IsInsideMM(ind - 6, 0, SPECSTR_TOWNNAME_LAST - SPECSTR_TOWNNAME_START + 1)) {
		buff = GetSpecialTownNameString(buff, ind - 6, GetInt32(&argv), last);
		return strecpy(buff, " Transport", last);
	}

	/* language name? */
	if (IsInsideMM(ind, (SPECSTR_LANGUAGE_START - 0x70E4), (SPECSTR_LANGUAGE_END - 0x70E4) + 1)) {
		int i = ind - (SPECSTR_LANGUAGE_START - 0x70E4);
		return strecpy(buff,
			i == _dynlang.curr ? _langpack->own_name : _dynlang.ent[i].name, last);
	}

	/* resolution size? */
	if (IsInsideMM(ind, (SPECSTR_RESOLUTION_START - 0x70E4), (SPECSTR_RESOLUTION_END - 0x70E4) + 1)) {
		int i = ind - (SPECSTR_RESOLUTION_START - 0x70E4);
		buff += snprintf(
			buff, last - buff + 1, "%dx%d", _resolutions[i].width, _resolutions[i].height
		);
		return buff;
	}

	/* screenshot format name? */
	if (IsInsideMM(ind, (SPECSTR_SCREENSHOT_START - 0x70E4), (SPECSTR_SCREENSHOT_END - 0x70E4) + 1)) {
		int i = ind - (SPECSTR_SCREENSHOT_START - 0x70E4);
		return strecpy(buff, GetScreenshotFormatDesc(i), last);
	}

	assert(0);
	return NULL;
}

#ifdef ENABLE_NETWORK
extern void SortNetworkLanguages();
#else /* ENABLE_NETWORK */
static inline void SortNetworkLanguages() {}
#endif /* ENABLE_NETWORK */

bool ReadLanguagePack(int lang_index)
{
	int tot_count, i;
	size_t len;
	char **langpack_offs;
	char *s;

	LanguagePack *lang_pack = (LanguagePack*)ReadFileToMem(_dynlang.ent[lang_index].file, &len, 200000);

	if (lang_pack == NULL) return false;
	if (len < sizeof(LanguagePack) ||
			lang_pack->ident != TO_LE32(LANGUAGE_PACK_IDENT) ||
			lang_pack->version != TO_LE32(LANGUAGE_PACK_VERSION)) {
		free(lang_pack);
		return false;
	}

#if TTD_ENDIAN == TTD_BIG_ENDIAN
	for (i = 0; i != 32; i++) {
		lang_pack->offsets[i] = ReadLE16Aligned(&lang_pack->offsets[i]);
	}
#endif /* TTD_ENDIAN == TTD_BIG_ENDIAN */

	tot_count = 0;
	for (i = 0; i != 32; i++) {
		uint num = lang_pack->offsets[i];
		_langtab_start[i] = tot_count;
		_langtab_num[i] = num;
		tot_count += num;
	}

	/* Allocate offsets */
	langpack_offs = MallocT<char*>(tot_count);

	/* Fill offsets */
	s = lang_pack->data;
	for (i = 0; i != tot_count; i++) {
		len = (byte)*s;
		*s++ = '\0'; // zero terminate the string before.
		if (len >= 0xC0) len = ((len & 0x3F) << 8) + (byte)*s++;
		langpack_offs[i] = s;
		s += len;
	}

	free(_langpack);
	_langpack = lang_pack;

	free(_langpack_offs);
	_langpack_offs = langpack_offs;

	const char *c_file = strrchr(_dynlang.ent[lang_index].file, PATHSEPCHAR) + 1;
	ttd_strlcpy(_dynlang.curr_file, c_file, lengthof(_dynlang.curr_file));

	_dynlang.curr = lang_index;
	_dynlang.text_dir = (TextDirection)lang_pack->text_dir;
	SetCurrentGrfLangID(_langpack->isocode);
	SortNetworkLanguages();
	return true;
}

/* Win32 implementation in win32.cpp. */
/* OS X implementation in os/macosx/macos.mm. */
#if !(defined(WIN32) || defined(__APPLE__))
/** Determine the current charset based on the environment
 * First check some default values, after this one we passed ourselves
 * and if none exist return the value for $LANG
 * @param param environment variable to check conditionally if default ones are not
 *        set. Pass NULL if you don't want additional checks.
 * @return return string containing current charset, or NULL if not-determinable */
const char *GetCurrentLocale(const char *param)
{
	const char *env;

	env = getenv("LANGUAGE");
	if (env != NULL) return env;

	env = getenv("LC_ALL");
	if (env != NULL) return env;

	if (param != NULL) {
		env = getenv(param);
		if (env != NULL) return env;
	}

	return getenv("LANG");
}
#else
const char *GetCurrentLocale(const char *param);
#endif /* !(defined(WIN32) || defined(__APPLE__)) */

int CDECL StringIDSorter(const void *a, const void *b)
{
	const StringID va = *(const StringID*)a;
	const StringID vb = *(const StringID*)b;
	char stra[512];
	char strb[512];
	GetString(stra, va, lastof(stra));
	GetString(strb, vb, lastof(strb));

	return strcmp(stra, strb);
}

/**
 * Checks whether the given language is already found.
 * @param langs    languages we've found so fa
 * @param max      the length of the language list
 * @param language name of the language to check
 * @return true if and only if a language file with the same name has not been found
 */
static bool UniqueLanguageFile(const Language *langs, uint max, const char *language)
{
	for (uint i = 0; i < max; i++) {
		const char *f_name = strrchr(langs[i].file, PATHSEPCHAR) + 1;
		if (strcmp(f_name, language) == 0) return false; // duplicates
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Reads the language file header and checks compatability.
 * @param file the file to read
 * @param hdr  the place to write the header information to
 * @return true if and only if the language file is of a compatible version
 */
static bool GetLanguageFileHeader(const char *file, LanguagePack *hdr)
{
	FILE *f = fopen(file, "rb");
	if (f == NULL) return false;

	size_t read = fread(hdr, sizeof(*hdr), 1, f);
	fclose(f);

	return read == 1 &&
			hdr->ident == TO_LE32(LANGUAGE_PACK_IDENT) &&
			hdr->version == TO_LE32(LANGUAGE_PACK_VERSION);
}

/**
 * Gets a list of languages from the given directory.
 * @param langs the list to write to
 * @param start the initial offset in the list
 * @param max   the length of the language list
 * @param path  the base directory to search in
 * @return the number of added languages
 */
static int GetLanguageList(Language *langs, int start, int max, const char *path)
{
	int i = start;

	DIR *dir = ttd_opendir(path);
	if (dir != NULL) {
		struct dirent *dirent;
		while ((dirent = readdir(dir)) != NULL && i < max) {
			const char *d_name    = FS2OTTD(dirent->d_name);
			const char *extension = strrchr(d_name, '.');

			/* Not a language file */
			if (extension == NULL || strcmp(extension, ".lng") != 0) continue;

			/* Filter any duplicate language-files, first-come first-serve */
			if (!UniqueLanguageFile(langs, i, d_name)) continue;

			langs[i].file = str_fmt("%s%s", path, d_name);

			/* Check whether the file is of the correct version */
			LanguagePack hdr;
			if (!GetLanguageFileHeader(langs[i].file, &hdr)) {
				free(langs[i].file);
				continue;
			}

			i++;
		}
		closedir(dir);
	}
	return i - start;
}

/**
 * Make a list of the available language packs. put the data in
 * _dynlang struct.
 */
void InitializeLanguagePacks()
{
	Searchpath sp;
	Language files[MAX_LANG];
	uint language_count = 0;

	FOR_ALL_SEARCHPATHS(sp) {
		char path[MAX_PATH];
		FioAppendDirectory(path, lengthof(path), sp, LANG_DIR);
		language_count += GetLanguageList(files, language_count, lengthof(files), path);
	}
	if (language_count == 0) usererror("No available language packs (invalid versions?)");

	/* Acquire the locale of the current system */
	const char *lang = GetCurrentLocale("LC_MESSAGES");
	if (lang == NULL) lang = "en_GB";

	int chosen_language   = -1; ///< Matching the language in the configuartion file or the current locale
	int language_fallback = -1; ///< Using pt_PT for pt_BR locale when pt_BR is not available
	int en_GB_fallback    =  0; ///< Fallback when no locale-matching language has been found

	DynamicLanguages *dl = &_dynlang;
	dl->num = 0;
	/* Fill the dynamic languages structures */
	for (uint i = 0; i < language_count; i++) {
		/* File read the language header */
		LanguagePack hdr;
		if (!GetLanguageFileHeader(files[i].file, &hdr)) continue;

		dl->ent[dl->num].file = files[i].file;
		dl->ent[dl->num].name = strdup(hdr.name);

		/* We are trying to find a default language. The priority is by
		 * configuration file, local environment and last, if nothing found,
		 * english. If def equals -1, we have not picked a default language */
		const char *lang_file = strrchr(dl->ent[dl->num].file, PATHSEPCHAR) + 1;
		if (strcmp(lang_file, dl->curr_file) == 0) chosen_language = dl->num;

		if (chosen_language == -1) {
			if (strcmp (hdr.isocode, "en_GB") == 0) en_GB_fallback    = dl->num;
			if (strncmp(hdr.isocode, lang, 5) == 0) chosen_language   = dl->num;
			if (strncmp(hdr.isocode, lang, 2) == 0) language_fallback = dl->num;
		}

		dl->num++;
	}

	if (dl->num == 0) usererror("Invalid version of language packs");

	/* We haven't found the language in the config nor the one in the locale.
	 * Now we set it to one of the fallback languages */
	if (chosen_language == -1) {
		chosen_language = (language_fallback != -1) ? language_fallback : en_GB_fallback;
	}

	if (!ReadLanguagePack(chosen_language)) usererror("Can't read language pack '%s'", dl->ent[chosen_language].file);
}

/**
 * Check whether the currently loaded language pack
 * uses characters that the currently loaded font
 * does not support. If this is the case an error
 * message will be shown in English. The error
 * message will not be localized because that would
 * mean it might use characters that are not in the
 * font, which is the whole reason this check has
 * been added.
 */
void CheckForMissingGlyphsInLoadedLanguagePack()
{
	const Sprite *question_mark = GetGlyph(FS_NORMAL, '?');

	for (uint i = 0; i != 32; i++) {
		for (uint j = 0; j < _langtab_num[i]; j++) {
			const char *string = _langpack_offs[_langtab_start[i] + j];
			WChar c;
			while ((c = Utf8Consume(&string)) != '\0') {
				if (c == SCC_SETX) {
					/*
					 * SetX is, together with SetXY as special character that
					 * uses the next (two) characters as data points. We have
					 * to skip those, otherwise the UTF8 reading will go
					 * haywire.
					 */
					string++;
				} else if (c == SCC_SETXY) {
					string += 2;
				} else if (IsPrintable(c) && c != '?' && GetGlyph(FS_NORMAL, c) == question_mark) {
					/*
					 * The character is printable, but not in the normal font.
					 * This is the case we were testing for. In this case we
					 * have to show the error. As we do not want the string to
					 * be translated by the translators, we 'force' it into the
					 * binary and 'load' it via a BindCString. To do this
					 * properly we have to set the color of the string,
					 * otherwise we end up with a lot of artefacts. The color
					 * 'character' might change in the future, so for safety
					 * we just Utf8 Encode it into the string, which takes
					 * exactly three characters, so it replaces the "XXX" with
					 * the color marker.
					 */
					static char *err_str = strdup("XXXThe current font is missing some of the characters used in the texts for this language. Read the readme to see how to solve this.");
					Utf8Encode(err_str, SCC_YELLOW);
					SetDParamStr(0, err_str);
					ShowErrorMessage(INVALID_STRING_ID, STR_JUST_RAW_STRING, 0, 0);
					return;
				}
			}
		}
	}

#if !defined(WITH_ICU)
	/*
	 * For right-to-left languages we need the ICU library. If
	 * we do not have support for that library we warn the user
	 * about it with a message. As we do not want the string to
	 * be translated by the translators, we 'force' it into the
	 * binary and 'load' it via a BindCString. To do this
	 * properly we have to set the color of the string,
	 * otherwise we end up with a lot of artefacts. The color
	 * 'character' might change in the future, so for safety
	 * we just Utf8 Encode it into the string, which takes
	 * exactly three characters, so it replaces the "XXX" with
	 * the color marker.
	 */
	if (_dynlang.text_dir != TD_LTR) {
		static char *err_str = strdup("XXXThis version of OpenTTD does not support right-to-left languages. Recompile with icu enabled.");
		Utf8Encode(err_str, SCC_YELLOW);
		SetDParamStr(0, err_str);
		ShowErrorMessage(INVALID_STRING_ID, STR_JUST_RAW_STRING, 0, 0);
	}
#endif

}


/* --- Handling of saving/loading string IDs from old savegames --- */

/**
 * Remap a string ID from the old format to the new format
 * @param s StringID that requires remapping
 * @return translated ID
 */
StringID RemapOldStringID(StringID s)
{
	switch (s) {
		case 0x0006: return STR_SV_EMPTY;
		case 0x7000: return STR_SV_UNNAMED;
		case 0x70E4: return SPECSTR_PLAYERNAME_ENGLISH;
		case 0x70E9: return SPECSTR_PLAYERNAME_ENGLISH;
		case 0x8864: return STR_SV_TRAIN_NAME;
		case 0x902B: return STR_SV_ROADVEH_NAME;
		case 0x9830: return STR_SV_SHIP_NAME;
		case 0xA02F: return STR_SV_AIRCRAFT_NAME;

		default:
			if (IsInsideMM(s, 0x300F, 0x3030)) {
				return s - 0x300F + STR_SV_STNAME;
			} else {
				return s;
			}
	}
}

/** Location to load the old names to. */
char *_old_name_array = NULL;

/**
 * Copy and convert old custom names to UTF-8.
 * They were all stored in a 512 by 32 long string array and are
 * now stored with stations, waypoints and other places with names.
 * @param id the StringID of the custom name to clone.
 * @return the clones custom name.
 */
char *CopyFromOldName(StringID id)
{
	/* Is this name an (old) custom name? */
	if (GB(id, 11, 5) != 15) return NULL;

	if (CheckSavegameVersion(37)) {
		/* Old names were 32 characters long, so 128 characters should be
		 * plenty to allow for expansion when converted to UTF-8. */
		char tmp[128];
		const char *strfrom = &_old_name_array[32 * GB(id, 0, 9)];
		char *strto = tmp;

		for (; *strfrom != '\0'; strfrom++) {
			WChar c = (byte)*strfrom;

			/* Map from non-ISO8859-15 characters to UTF-8. */
			switch (c) {
				case 0xA4: c = 0x20AC; break; // Euro
				case 0xA6: c = 0x0160; break; // S with caron
				case 0xA8: c = 0x0161; break; // s with caron
				case 0xB4: c = 0x017D; break; // Z with caron
				case 0xB8: c = 0x017E; break; // z with caron
				case 0xBC: c = 0x0152; break; // OE ligature
				case 0xBD: c = 0x0153; break; // oe ligature
				case 0xBE: c = 0x0178; break; // Y with diaresis
				default: break;
			}

			/* Check character will fit into our buffer. */
			if (strto + Utf8CharLen(c) > lastof(tmp)) break;

			strto += Utf8Encode(strto, c);
		}

		/* Terminate the new string and copy it back to the name array */
		*strto = '\0';

		return strdup(tmp);
	} else {
		/* Name will already be in UTF-8. */
		return strdup(&_old_name_array[32 * GB(id, 0, 9)]);
	}
}

/**
 * Free the memory of the old names array.
 * Should be called once the old names have all been converted.
 */
void ResetOldNames()
{
	free(_old_name_array);
	_old_name_array = NULL;
}

/**
 * Initialize the old names table memory.
 */
void InitializeOldNames()
{
	free(_old_name_array);
	_old_name_array = CallocT<char>(512 * 32);
}

static void Load_NAME()
{
	int index;

	while ((index = SlIterateArray()) != -1) {
		SlArray(&_old_name_array[32 * index], SlGetFieldLength(), SLE_UINT8);
	}
}

extern const ChunkHandler _name_chunk_handlers[] = {
	{ 'NAME', NULL, Load_NAME, CH_ARRAY | CH_LAST},
};