summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/src/cp.c
blob: 70cd36ce3d57e5cb57170adabd9b6f2e974ba35e (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
/* cp.c  -- file copying (main routines)
   Copyright (C) 89, 90, 91, 1995-2000 Free Software Foundation.

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
   any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
   Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.

   Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering. */

#ifdef _AIX
 #pragma alloca
#endif

#include <config.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <getopt.h>

#include "system.h"
#include "argmatch.h"
#include "backupfile.h"
#include "copy.h"
#include "cp-hash.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "dirname.h"
#include "path-concat.h"
#include "quote.h"

#define ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA(Dest, File_name)	\
  do							\
    {							\
      char *tmp_abns_;					\
      ASSIGN_STRDUPA (tmp_abns_, (File_name));		\
      strip_trailing_slashes (tmp_abns_);		\
      Dest = base_name (tmp_abns_);			\
    }							\
  while (0)

/* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix).  */
#define PROGRAM_NAME "cp"

#define AUTHORS "Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering"

#ifndef _POSIX_VERSION
uid_t geteuid ();
#endif

/* Used by do_copy, make_path_private, and re_protect
   to keep a list of leading directories whose protections
   need to be fixed after copying. */
struct dir_attr
{
  int is_new_dir;
  int slash_offset;
  struct dir_attr *next;
};

/* For long options that have no equivalent short option, use a
   non-character as a pseudo short option, starting with CHAR_MAX + 1.  */
enum
{
  TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION = CHAR_MAX + 1,
  SPARSE_OPTION,
  STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION,
  PARENTS_OPTION,
  UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING
};

void strip_trailing_slashes ();

/* Initial number of entries in each hash table entry's table of inodes.  */
#define INITIAL_HASH_MODULE 100

/* Initial number of entries in the inode hash table.  */
#define INITIAL_ENTRY_TAB_SIZE 70

/* The invocation name of this program.  */
char *program_name;

/* If nonzero, the command "cp x/e_file e_dir" uses "e_dir/x/e_file"
   as its destination instead of the usual "e_dir/e_file." */
static int flag_path = 0;

/* Remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument.  */
static int remove_trailing_slashes;

static char const *const sparse_type_string[] =
{
  "never", "auto", "always", 0
};

static enum Sparse_type const sparse_type[] =
{
  SPARSE_NEVER, SPARSE_AUTO, SPARSE_ALWAYS
};

/* The error code to return to the system. */
static int exit_status = 0;

static struct option const long_opts[] =
{
  {"archive", no_argument, NULL, 'a'},
  {"backup", optional_argument, NULL, 'b'},
  {"dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'L'},
  {"force", no_argument, NULL, 'f'},
  {"sparse", required_argument, NULL, SPARSE_OPTION},
  {"interactive", no_argument, NULL, 'i'},
  {"link", no_argument, NULL, 'l'},
  {"no-dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'd'},
  {"one-file-system", no_argument, NULL, 'x'},
  {"parents", no_argument, NULL, PARENTS_OPTION},
  {"path", no_argument, NULL, PARENTS_OPTION},   /* Deprecated.  */
  {"preserve", no_argument, NULL, 'p'},
  {"recursive", no_argument, NULL, 'R'},
  {"remove-destination", no_argument, NULL, UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING},
  {"strip-trailing-slash", no_argument, NULL, STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION},
  {"suffix", required_argument, NULL, 'S'},
  {"symbolic-link", no_argument, NULL, 's'},
  {"target-directory", required_argument, NULL, TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION},
  {"update", no_argument, NULL, 'u'},
  {"verbose", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
  {"version-control", required_argument, NULL, 'V'}, /* Deprecated. FIXME. */
  {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
  {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
  {NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
};

void
usage (int status)
{
  if (status != 0)
    fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
	     program_name);
  else
    {
      printf (_("\
Usage: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST\n\
  or:  %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY\n\
  or:  %s [OPTION]... --target-directory=DIRECTORY SOURCE...\n\
"),
	      program_name, program_name, program_name);
      printf (_("\
Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.\n\
\n\
  -a, --archive                same as -dpR\n\
      --backup[=CONTROL]       make a backup of each existing destination file\n\
  -b                           like --backup but does not accept an argument\n\
  -d, --no-dereference         never follow symbolic links\n\
  -f, --force                  if an existing destination file cannot be\n\
                                   opened, remove it and try again\n\
  -i, --interactive            prompt before overwrite\n\
  -H                           follow command-line symbolic links\n\
  -l, --link                   link files instead of copying\n\
  -L, --dereference            always follow symbolic links\n\
  -p, --preserve               preserve file attributes if possible\n\
      --parents                append source path to DIRECTORY\n\
  -P                           same as `--parents' for now; soon to change to\n\
                                 `--no-dereference' to conform to POSIX\n\
  -r                           copy recursively, non-directories as files\n\
                                 WARNING: use -R instead when you might copy\n\
                                 special files like FIFOs or /dev/zero\n\
      --remove-destination     remove each existing destination file before\n\
                                 attempting to open it (contrast with --force)\n\
      --sparse=WHEN            control creation of sparse files\n\
  -R, --recursive              copy directories recursively\n\
      --strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE\n\
                                 argument\n\
  -s, --symbolic-link          make symbolic links instead of copying\n\
  -S, --suffix=SUFFIX          override the usual backup suffix\n\
      --target-directory=DIRECTORY  move all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY\n\
  -u, --update                 copy only when the SOURCE file is newer\n\
                                 than the destination file or when the\n\
                                 destination file is missing\n\
  -v, --verbose                explain what is being done\n\
  -x, --one-file-system        stay on this file system\n\
      --help                   display this help and exit\n\
      --version                output version information and exit\n\
\n\
By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and the\n\
corresponding DEST file is made sparse as well.  That is the behavior\n\
selected by --sparse=auto.  Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DEST\n\
file whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes.\n\
Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.\n\
\n\
"));
      printf (_("\
The backup suffix is `~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.\n\
The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or through\n\
the VERSION_CONTROL environment variable.  Here are the values:\n\
\n\
  none, off       never make backups (even if --backup is given)\n\
  numbered, t     make numbered backups\n\
  existing, nil   numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise\n\
  simple, never   always make simple backups\n\
"));
      printf (_("\
\n\
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backup\n\
options are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,\n\
regular file.\n\
"));
      puts (_("\nReport bugs to <bug-fileutils@gnu.org>."));
    }
  exit (status);
}

/* Ensure that the parent directories of CONST_DST_PATH have the
   correct protections, for the --parents option.  This is done
   after all copying has been completed, to allow permissions
   that don't include user write/execute.

   SRC_OFFSET is the index in CONST_DST_PATH of the beginning of the
   source directory name.

   ATTR_LIST is a null-terminated linked list of structures that
   indicates the end of the filename of each intermediate directory
   in CONST_DST_PATH that may need to have its attributes changed.
   The command `cp --parents --preserve a/b/c d/e_dir' changes the
   attributes of the directories d/e_dir/a and d/e_dir/a/b to match
   the corresponding source directories regardless of whether they
   existed before the `cp' command was given.

   Return 0 if the parent of CONST_DST_PATH and any intermediate
   directories specified by ATTR_LIST have the proper permissions
   when done, otherwise 1. */

static int
re_protect (const char *const_dst_path, int src_offset,
	    struct dir_attr *attr_list, const struct cp_options *x)
{
  struct dir_attr *p;
  char *dst_path;		/* A copy of CONST_DST_PATH we can change. */
  char *src_path;		/* The source name in `dst_path'. */
  uid_t myeuid = geteuid ();

  dst_path = (char *) alloca (strlen (const_dst_path) + 1);
  strcpy (dst_path, const_dst_path);
  src_path = dst_path + src_offset;

  for (p = attr_list; p; p = p->next)
    {
      struct stat src_sb;

      dst_path[p->slash_offset] = '\0';

      if ((*(x->xstat)) (src_path, &src_sb))
	{
	  error (0, errno, _("getting attributes of %s"),
		 quote (src_path));
	  return 1;
	}

      /* Adjust the times (and if possible, ownership) for the copy.
	 chown turns off set[ug]id bits for non-root,
	 so do the chmod last.  */

      if (x->preserve_timestamps)
	{
	  struct utimbuf utb;

	  /* There's currently no interface to set file timestamps with
	     better than 1-second resolution, so discard any fractional
	     part of the source timestamp.  */

	  utb.actime = src_sb.st_atime;
	  utb.modtime = src_sb.st_mtime;

	  if (utime (dst_path, &utb))
	    {
	      error (0, errno, _("preserving times for %s"), quote (dst_path));
	      return 1;
	    }
	}

      if (x->preserve_owner_and_group)
	{
	  /* If non-root uses -p, it's ok if we can't preserve ownership.
	     But root probably wants to know, e.g. if NFS disallows it,
	     or if the target system doesn't support file ownership.  */
	  if (chown (dst_path, src_sb.st_uid, src_sb.st_gid)
	      && ((errno != EPERM && errno != EINVAL) || myeuid == 0))
	    {
	      error (0, errno, _("preserving ownership for %s"),
		     quote (dst_path));
	      return 1;
	    }
	}

      if (x->preserve_chmod_bits || p->is_new_dir)
	{
	  if (chmod (dst_path, src_sb.st_mode & x->umask_kill))
	    {
	      error (0, errno, _("preserving permissions for %s"),
		     quote (dst_path));
	      return 1;
	    }
	}

      dst_path[p->slash_offset] = '/';
    }
  return 0;
}

/* Ensure that the parent directory of CONST_DIRPATH exists, for
   the --parents option.

   SRC_OFFSET is the index in CONST_DIRPATH (which is a destination
   path) of the beginning of the source directory name.
   Create any leading directories that don't already exist,
   giving them permissions MODE.
   If VERBOSE_FMT_STRING is nonzero, use it as a printf format
   string for printing a message after successfully making a directory.
   The format should take two string arguments: the names of the
   source and destination directories.
   Creates a linked list of attributes of intermediate directories,
   *ATTR_LIST, for re_protect to use after calling copy.
   Sets *NEW_DST to 1 if this function creates parent of CONST_DIRPATH.

   Return 0 if parent of CONST_DIRPATH exists as a directory with the proper
   permissions when done, otherwise 1. */

/* FIXME: find a way to synch this function with the one in lib/makepath.c. */

static int
make_path_private (const char *const_dirpath, int src_offset, int mode,
		   const char *verbose_fmt_string, struct dir_attr **attr_list,
		   int *new_dst, int (*xstat)())
{
  struct stat stats;
  char *dirpath;		/* A copy of CONST_DIRPATH we can change. */
  char *src;			/* Source name in `dirpath'. */
  char *tmp_dst_dirname;	/* Leading path of `dirpath', malloc. */
  char *dst_dirname;		/* Leading path of `dirpath', alloca. */

  dirpath = (char *) alloca (strlen (const_dirpath) + 1);
  strcpy (dirpath, const_dirpath);

  src = dirpath + src_offset;

  tmp_dst_dirname = dir_name (dirpath);
  dst_dirname = (char *) alloca (strlen (tmp_dst_dirname) + 1);
  strcpy (dst_dirname, tmp_dst_dirname);
  free (tmp_dst_dirname);

  *attr_list = NULL;

  if ((*xstat) (dst_dirname, &stats))
    {
      /* Parent of CONST_DIRNAME does not exist.
	 Make all missing intermediate directories. */
      char *slash;

      slash = src;
      while (*slash == '/')
	slash++;
      while ((slash = strchr (slash, '/')))
	{
	  /* Add this directory to the list of directories whose modes need
	     fixing later. */
	  struct dir_attr *new =
	    (struct dir_attr *) xmalloc (sizeof (struct dir_attr));
	  new->slash_offset = slash - dirpath;
	  new->next = *attr_list;
	  *attr_list = new;

	  *slash = '\0';
	  if ((*xstat) (dirpath, &stats))
	    {
	      /* This element of the path does not exist.  We must set
		 *new_dst and new->is_new_dir inside this loop because,
		 for example, in the command `cp --parents ../a/../b/c e_dir',
		 make_path_private creates only e_dir/../a if ./b already
		 exists. */
	      *new_dst = 1;
	      new->is_new_dir = 1;
	      if (mkdir (dirpath, mode))
		{
		  error (0, errno, _("cannot make directory %s"),
			 quote (dirpath));
		  return 1;
		}
	      else
		{
		  if (verbose_fmt_string != NULL)
		    printf (verbose_fmt_string, src, dirpath);
		}
	    }
	  else if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
	    {
	      error (0, 0, _("%s exists but is not a directory"),
		     quote (dirpath));
	      return 1;
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      new->is_new_dir = 0;
	      *new_dst = 0;
	    }
	  *slash++ = '/';

	  /* Avoid unnecessary calls to `stat' when given
	     pathnames containing multiple adjacent slashes.  */
	  while (*slash == '/')
	    slash++;
	}
    }

  /* We get here if the parent of `dirpath' already exists. */

  else if (!S_ISDIR (stats.st_mode))
    {
      error (0, 0, _("%s exists but is not a directory"), quote (dst_dirname));
      return 1;
    }
  else
    {
      *new_dst = 0;
    }
  return 0;
}

/* Scan the arguments, and copy each by calling copy.
   Return 0 if successful, 1 if any errors occur. */

static int
do_copy (int n_files, char **file, const char *target_directory,
	 const struct cp_options *x)
{
  const char *dest;
  struct stat sb;
  int new_dst = 0;
  int ret = 0;
  int dest_is_dir = 0;

  if (n_files <= 0)
    {
      error (0, 0, _("missing file arguments"));
      usage (1);
    }
  if (n_files == 1 && !target_directory)
    {
      error (0, 0, _("missing destination file"));
      usage (1);
    }

  if (target_directory)
    dest = target_directory;
  else
    {
      dest = file[n_files - 1];
      --n_files;
    }

  if (lstat (dest, &sb))
    {
      if (errno != ENOENT)
	{
	  error (0, errno, _("accessing %s"), quote (dest));
	  return 1;
	}

      new_dst = 1;
    }
  else
    {
      struct stat sbx;

      /* If `dest' is not a symlink to a nonexistent file, use
	 the results of stat instead of lstat, so we can copy files
	 into symlinks to directories. */
      if (stat (dest, &sbx) == 0)
	sb = sbx;

      dest_is_dir = S_ISDIR (sb.st_mode);
    }

  if (!dest_is_dir)
    {
      if (target_directory)
	{
	  error (0, 0, _("specified target, %s is not a directory"),
		 quote (dest));
	  usage (1);
	}

      if (n_files > 1)
	{
	  error (0, 0,
	 _("copying multiple files, but last argument %s is not a directory"),
	     quote (dest));
	  usage (1);
	}
    }

  if (dest_is_dir)
    {
      /* cp file1...filen edir
	 Copy the files `file1' through `filen'
	 to the existing directory `edir'. */
      int i;

      for (i = 0; i < n_files; i++)
	{
	  char *dst_path;
	  int parent_exists = 1; /* True if dir_name (dst_path) exists. */
	  struct dir_attr *attr_list;
	  char *arg_in_concat = NULL;
	  char *arg = file[i];

	  if (remove_trailing_slashes)
	    strip_trailing_slashes (arg);

	  if (flag_path)
	    {
	      /* Append all of `arg' to `dest'.  */
	      dst_path = path_concat (dest, arg, &arg_in_concat);
	      if (dst_path == NULL)
		xalloc_die ();

	      /* For --parents, we have to make sure that the directory
	         dir_name (dst_path) exists.  We may have to create a few
	         leading directories. */
	      parent_exists = !make_path_private (dst_path,
						  arg_in_concat - dst_path,
						  S_IRWXU,
						  (x->verbose
						   ? "%s -> %s\n" : NULL),
						  &attr_list, &new_dst,
						  x->xstat);
	    }
  	  else
  	    {
	      char *arg_base;
	      /* Append the last component of `arg' to `dest'.  */

	      ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA (arg_base, arg);
	      /* For `cp -R source/.. dest', don't copy into `dest/..'. */
	      dst_path = (STREQ (arg_base, "..")
			  ? xstrdup (dest)
			  : path_concat (dest, arg_base, NULL));
	    }

	  if (!parent_exists)
	    {
	      /* make_path_private failed, so don't even attempt the copy. */
	      ret = 1;
  	    }
	  else
	    {
	      int copy_into_self;
	      ret |= copy (arg, dst_path, new_dst, x, &copy_into_self, NULL);
	      forget_all ();

	      if (flag_path)
		{
		  ret |= re_protect (dst_path, arg_in_concat - dst_path,
				     attr_list, x);
		}
	    }

	  free (dst_path);
	}
      return ret;
    }
  else /* if (n_files == 1) */
    {
      char *new_dest;
      char *source;
      int unused;
      struct stat source_stats;

      if (flag_path)
	{
	  error (0, 0,
	       _("when preserving paths, the destination must be a directory"));
	  usage (1);
	}

      source = file[0];

      /* When the force and backup options have been specified and
	 the source and destination are the same name for an existing
	 regular file, convert the user's command, e.g.,
	 `cp --force --backup foo foo' to `cp --force foo fooSUFFIX'
	 where SUFFIX is determined by any version control options used.  */

      if (x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open
	  && x->backup_type != none
	  && STREQ (source, dest)
	  && !new_dst && S_ISREG (sb.st_mode))
	{
	  static struct cp_options x_tmp;

	  new_dest = find_backup_file_name (dest, x->backup_type);
	  /* Set x->backup_type to `none' so that the normal backup
	     mechanism is not used when performing the actual copy.
	     backup_type must be set to `none' only *after* the above
	     call to find_backup_file_name -- that function uses
	     backup_type to determine the suffix it applies.  */
	  x_tmp = *x;
	  x_tmp.backup_type = none;
	  x = &x_tmp;

	  if (new_dest == NULL)
	    xalloc_die ();
	}

      /* When the destination is specified with a trailing slash and the
	 source exists but is not a directory, convert the user's command
	 `cp source dest/' to `cp source dest/basename(source)'.  Doing
	 this ensures that the command `cp non-directory file/' will now
	 fail rather than performing the copy.  COPY diagnoses the case of
	 `cp directory non-directory'.  */

      else if (dest[strlen (dest) - 1] == '/'
	  && lstat (source, &source_stats) == 0
	  && !S_ISDIR (source_stats.st_mode))
	{
	  char *source_base;

	  ASSIGN_BASENAME_STRDUPA (source_base, source);
	  new_dest = (char *) alloca (strlen (dest)
				      + strlen (source_base) + 1);
	  stpcpy (stpcpy (new_dest, dest), source_base);
	}
      else
	{
	  new_dest = (char *) dest;
	}

      return copy (source, new_dest, new_dst, x, &unused, NULL);
    }

  /* unreachable */
}

static void
cp_option_init (struct cp_options *x)
{
  x->copy_as_regular = 1;
  x->dereference = DEREF_UNDEFINED;
  x->unlink_dest_before_opening = 0;
  x->unlink_dest_after_failed_open = 0;
  x->failed_unlink_is_fatal = 1;
  x->hard_link = 0;
  x->interactive = 0;
  x->myeuid = geteuid ();
  x->move_mode = 0;
  x->one_file_system = 0;

  x->preserve_owner_and_group = 0;
  x->preserve_chmod_bits = 0;
  x->preserve_timestamps = 0;

  x->require_preserve = 0;
  x->recursive = 0;
  x->sparse_mode = SPARSE_AUTO;
  x->symbolic_link = 0;
  x->set_mode = 0;
  x->mode = 0;

  /* Find out the current file creation mask, to knock the right bits
     when using chmod.  The creation mask is set to be liberal, so
     that created directories can be written, even if it would not
     have been allowed with the mask this process was started with.  */
  x->umask_kill = ~ umask (0);

  x->update = 0;
  x->verbose = 0;
}

int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
  int c;
  int make_backups = 0;
  char *backup_suffix_string;
  char *version_control_string = NULL;
  struct cp_options x;
  char *target_directory = NULL;
  int used_P_option = 0;

  program_name = argv[0];
  setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
  bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
  textdomain (PACKAGE);

  atexit (close_stdout);

  cp_option_init (&x);

  /* FIXME: consider not calling getenv for SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX unless
     we'll actually use backup_suffix_string.  */
  backup_suffix_string = getenv ("SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX");

  while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "abdfHilLprsuvxPRS:V:", long_opts, NULL))
	 != -1)
    {
      switch (c)
	{
	case 0:
	  break;

	case SPARSE_OPTION:
	  x.sparse_mode = XARGMATCH ("--sparse", optarg,
				     sparse_type_string, sparse_type);
	  break;

	case 'a':		/* Like -dpR. */
	  x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
	  x.preserve_owner_and_group = 1;
	  x.preserve_chmod_bits = 1;
	  x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
	  x.require_preserve = 1;
	  x.recursive = 1;
	  x.copy_as_regular = 0;
	  break;

	case 'V':  /* FIXME: this is deprecated.  Remove it in 2001.  */
	  error (0, 0,
		 _("warning: --version-control (-V) is obsolete;  support for\
 it\nwill be removed in some future release.  Use --backup=%s instead."
		   ), optarg);
	  /* Fall through.  */

	case 'b':
	  make_backups = 1;
	  if (optarg)
	    version_control_string = optarg;
	  break;

	case 'd':
	  x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
	  break;

	case 'f':
	  x.unlink_dest_after_failed_open = 1;
	  break;

	case 'H':
	  x.dereference = DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS;
	  break;

	case 'i':
	  x.interactive = 1;
	  break;

	case 'l':
	  x.hard_link = 1;
	  break;

	case 'L':
	  x.dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
	  break;

	case 'p':
	  x.preserve_owner_and_group = 1;
	  x.preserve_chmod_bits = 1;
	  x.preserve_timestamps = 1;
	  x.require_preserve = 1;
	  break;

	case 'P':
	  used_P_option = 1;
	  /* fall through */
	case PARENTS_OPTION:
	  flag_path = 1;
	  break;

	case 'r':
	  x.recursive = 1;
	  x.copy_as_regular = 1;
	  break;

	case 'R':
	  x.recursive = 1;
	  x.copy_as_regular = 0;
	  break;

	case UNLINK_DEST_BEFORE_OPENING:
	  x.unlink_dest_before_opening = 1;
	  break;

	case STRIP_TRAILING_SLASHES_OPTION:
	  remove_trailing_slashes = 1;
	  break;

	case 's':
#ifdef S_ISLNK
	  x.symbolic_link = 1;
#else
	  error (1, 0, _("symbolic links are not supported on this system"));
#endif
	  break;

	case TARGET_DIRECTORY_OPTION:
	  target_directory = optarg;
	  break;

	case 'u':
	  x.update = 1;
	  break;

	case 'v':
	  x.verbose = 1;
	  break;

	case 'x':
	  x.one_file_system = 1;
	  break;

	case 'S':
	  make_backups = 1;
	  backup_suffix_string = optarg;
	  break;

	case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;

	case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);

	default:
	  usage (1);
	}
    }

  if (x.hard_link && x.symbolic_link)
    {
      error (0, 0, _("cannot make both hard and symbolic links"));
      usage (1);
    }

  if (used_P_option)
    {
      error (0, 0,
	     _("\
Warning: the meaning of `-P' will change in the future to conform to POSIX.\n\
Use `--parents' for the old meaning, and `--no-dereference' for the new one."));
    }

  if (backup_suffix_string)
    simple_backup_suffix = xstrdup (backup_suffix_string);

  x.backup_type = (make_backups
		   ? xget_version (_("backup type"),
				   version_control_string)
		   : none);

  if (x.preserve_chmod_bits == 1)
    x.umask_kill = ~ (mode_t) 0;

  if (x.dereference == DEREF_UNDEFINED)
    {
      if (x.recursive)
	/* This is compatible with FreeBSD.  */
	x.dereference = DEREF_NEVER;
      else
	x.dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS;
    }

  /* The key difference between -d (--no-dereference) and not is the version
     of `stat' to call.  */

  if (x.dereference == DEREF_NEVER)
    x.xstat = lstat;
  else
    {
      /* For DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS, x.xstat must be stat for
	 each command line argument, but must later be `lstat' for
	 any symlinks that are found via recursive traversal.  */
      x.xstat = stat;
    }

  /* If --force (-f) was specified and we're in link-creation mode,
     first remove any existing destination file.  */
  if (x.unlink_dest_after_failed_open && (x.hard_link || x.symbolic_link))
    x.unlink_dest_before_opening = 1;

  /* Allocate space for remembering copied and created files.  */

  hash_init (INITIAL_HASH_MODULE, INITIAL_ENTRY_TAB_SIZE);

  exit_status |= do_copy (argc - optind, argv + optind, target_directory, &x);

  exit (exit_status);
}