cat: use larger buffer sizes to reduce read/write-syscall overhead

* src/cat.c (max): Remove definition.  Use MAX from system.h instead.
(compute_buffer_size): New function to compute the input and output
buffer sizes, which are now set at 8 times st_blksize with a maximum
of 32KiB. Previously the typical block sizes used were 1KiB for pipes
and 4KiB for files, and now will be 8KiB and 32KiB respectively.
(main): Use it.
This change can double throughput on modern systems.  For timings,
see http://article.gmane.org/gmane.comp.gnu.core-utils.bugs/16040
Suggestion from Tzvi Rotshtein.

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