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tree0b8a97debddc8210c6696c252c26f03703b606fa /imap/docs/rfc/rfc4551.txt
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downloadalpine-e4b35478c8b3ce7352a74b2fea0e067f068daf18.tar.xz
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-
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-
-Network Working Group A. Melnikov
-Request for Comments: 4551 Isode Ltd.
-Updates: 3501 S. Hole
-Category: Standards Track ACI WorldWide/MessagingDirect
- June 2006
-
-
- IMAP Extension for Conditional STORE Operation
- or Quick Flag Changes Resynchronization
-
-Status of This Memo
-
- This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
- Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
- improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
- Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
- and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
-Copyright Notice
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
-
-Abstract
-
- Often, multiple IMAP (RFC 3501) clients need to coordinate changes to
- a common IMAP mailbox. Examples include different clients working on
- behalf of the same user, and multiple users accessing shared
- mailboxes. These clients need a mechanism to synchronize state
- changes for messages within the mailbox. They must be able to
- guarantee that only one client can change message state (e.g.,
- message flags) at any time. An example of such an application is use
- of an IMAP mailbox as a message queue with multiple dequeueing
- clients.
-
- The Conditional Store facility provides a protected update mechanism
- for message state information that can detect and resolve conflicts
- between multiple writing mail clients.
-
- The Conditional Store facility also allows a client to quickly
- resynchronize mailbox flag changes.
-
- This document defines an extension to IMAP (RFC 3501).
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Melnikov & Hole Standards Track [Page 1]
-
-RFC 4551 IMAP Extension for Conditional STORE June 2006
-
-
-Table of Contents
-
- 1. Introduction and Overview ................................. 3
- 2. Conventions Used in This Document ......................... 5
- 3. IMAP Protocol Changes ..................................... 6
- 3.1. New OK untagged responses for SELECT and EXAMINE ......... 6
- 3.1.1. HIGHESTMODSEQ response code ............................ 6
- 3.1.2. NOMODSEQ response code ................................. 7
- 3.2. STORE and UID STORE Commands ............................. 7
- 3.3 FETCH and UID FETCH Commands ..............................13
- 3.3.1. CHANGEDSINCE FETCH modifier ............................13
- 3.3.2. MODSEQ message data item in FETCH Command ..............14
- 3.4. MODSEQ search criterion in SEARCH ........................16
- 3.5. Modified SEARCH untagged response ........................17
- 3.6. HIGHESTMODSEQ status data items ..........................17
- 3.7. CONDSTORE parameter to SELECT and EXAMINE ................18
- 3.8. Additional quality of implementation issues ..............18
- 4. Formal Syntax .............................................19
- 5. Server implementation considerations ......................21
- 6. Security Considerations ...................................22
- 7. IANA Considerations .......................................22
- 8. References ................................................23
- 8.1. Normative References .....................................23
- 8.2. Informative References ...................................23
- 9. Acknowledgements ..........................................23
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Melnikov & Hole Standards Track [Page 2]
-
-RFC 4551 IMAP Extension for Conditional STORE June 2006
-
-
-1. Introduction and Overview
-
- The Conditional STORE extension is present in any IMAP4
- implementation that returns "CONDSTORE" as one of the supported
- capabilities in the CAPABILITY command response.
-
- An IMAP server that supports this extension MUST associate a positive
- unsigned 64-bit value called a modification sequence (mod-sequence)
- with every IMAP message. This is an opaque value updated by the
- server whenever a metadata item is modified. The server MUST
- guarantee that each STORE command performed on the same mailbox
- (including simultaneous stores to different metadata items from
- different connections) will get a different mod-sequence value.
- Also, for any two successful STORE operations performed in the same
- session on the same mailbox, the mod-sequence of the second completed
- operation MUST be greater than the mod-sequence of the first
- completed. Note that the latter rule disallows the use of the system
- clock as a mod-sequence, because if system time changes (e.g., an NTP
- [NTP] client adjusting the time), the next generated value might be
- less than the previous one.
-
- Mod-sequences allow a client that supports the CONDSTORE extension to
- determine if a message metadata has changed since some known moment.
- Whenever the state of a flag changes (i.e., the flag is added where
- previously it wasn't set, or the flag is removed and before it was
- set) the value of the modification sequence for the message MUST be
- updated. Adding the flag when it is already present or removing when
- it is not present SHOULD NOT change the mod-sequence.
-
- When a message is appended to a mailbox (via the IMAP APPEND command,
- COPY to the mailbox, or using an external mechanism) the server
- generates a new modification sequence that is higher than the highest
- modification sequence of all messages in the mailbox and assigns it
- to the appended message.
-
- The server MAY store separate (per-message) modification sequence
- values for different metadata items. If the server does so, per-
- message mod-sequence is the highest mod-sequence of all metadata
- items for the specified message.
-
- The server that supports this extension is not required to be able to
- store mod-sequences for every available mailbox. Section 3.1.2
- describes how the server may act if a particular mailbox doesn't
- support the persistent storage of mod-sequences.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Melnikov & Hole Standards Track [Page 3]
-
-RFC 4551 IMAP Extension for Conditional STORE June 2006
-
-
- This extension makes the following changes to the IMAP4 protocol:
-
- a) adds UNCHANGEDSINCE STORE modifier.
-
- b) adds the MODIFIED response code which should be used with an OK
- response to the STORE command. (It can also be used in a NO
- response.)
-
- c) adds a new MODSEQ message data item for use with the FETCH
- command.
-
- d) adds CHANGEDSINCE FETCH modifier.
-
- e) adds a new MODSEQ search criterion.
-
- f) extends the syntax of untagged SEARCH responses to include
- mod-sequence.
-
- g) adds new OK untagged responses for the SELECT and EXAMINE
- commands.
-
- h) defines an additional parameter to SELECT/EXAMINE commands.
-
- i) adds the HIGHESTMODSEQ status data item to the STATUS command.
-
- A client supporting CONDSTORE extension indicates its willingness to
- receive mod-sequence updates in all untagged FETCH responses by
- issuing:
-
- - a SELECT or EXAMINE command with the CONDSTORE parameter,
- - a STATUS (HIGHESTMODSEQ) command,
- - a FETCH or SEARCH command that includes the MODSEQ message data
- item,
- - a FETCH command with the CHANGEDSINCE modifier, or
- - a STORE command with the UNCHANGEDSINCE modifier.
-
- The server MUST include mod-sequence data in all subsequent untagged
- FETCH responses (until the connection is closed), whether they were
- caused by a regular STORE, a STORE with UNCHANGEDSINCE modifier, or
- an external agent.
-
- This document uses the term "CONDSTORE-aware client" to refer to a
- client that announces its willingness to receive mod-sequence updates
- as described above. The term "CONDSTORE enabling command" will refer
- any of the commands listed above. A future extension to this
- document may extend the list of CONDSTORE enabling commands. A first
- CONDSTORE enabling command executed in the session MUST cause the
-
-
-
-
-Melnikov & Hole Standards Track [Page 4]
-
-RFC 4551 IMAP Extension for Conditional STORE June 2006
-
-
- server to return HIGHESTMODSEQ (Section 3.1.1) unless the server has
- sent NOMODSEQ (Section 3.1.2) response code when the currently
- selected mailbox was selected.
-
- The rest of this document describes the protocol changes more
- rigorously.
-
-2. Conventions Used in This Document
-
- The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
- "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
- document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [KEYWORDS].
-
- In examples, lines beginning with "S:" are sent by the IMAP server,
- and lines beginning with "C:" are sent by the client. Line breaks
- may appear in example commands solely for editorial clarity; when
- present in the actual message, they are represented by "CRLF".
-
- Formal syntax is defined using ABNF [ABNF].
-
- The term "metadata" or "metadata item" is used throughout this
- document. It refers to any system or user-defined keyword. Future
- documents may extend "metadata" to include other dynamic message
- data.
-
- Some IMAP mailboxes are private, accessible only to the owning user.
- Other mailboxes are not, either because the owner has set an Access
- Control List [ACL] that permits access by other users, or because it
- is a shared mailbox. Let's call a metadata item "shared" for the
- mailbox if any changes to the metadata items are persistent and
- visible to all other users accessing the mailbox. Otherwise, the
- metadata item is called "private". Note that private metadata items
- are still visible to all sessions accessing the mailbox as the same
- user. Also note that different mailboxes may have different metadata
- items as shared.
-
- See Section 1 for the definition of a "CONDSTORE-aware client" and a
- "CONDSTORE enabling command".
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Melnikov & Hole Standards Track [Page 5]
-
-RFC 4551 IMAP Extension for Conditional STORE June 2006
-
-
-3. IMAP Protocol Changes
-
-3.1. New OK Untagged Responses for SELECT and EXAMINE
-
- This document adds two new response codes, HIGHESTMODSEQ and
- NOMODSEQ. One of those response codes MUST be returned in the OK
- untagged response for a successful SELECT/EXAMINE command.
-
- When opening a mailbox, the server must check if the mailbox supports
- the persistent storage of mod-sequences. If the mailbox supports the
- persistent storage of mod-sequences and the mailbox open operation
- succeeds, the server MUST send the OK untagged response including
- HIGHESTMODSEQ response code. If the persistent storage for the
- mailbox is not supported, the server MUST send the OK untagged
- response including NOMODSEQ response code instead.
-
-3.1.1. HIGHESTMODSEQ Response Code
-
- This document adds a new response code that is returned in the OK
- untagged response for the SELECT and EXAMINE commands. A server
- supporting the persistent storage of mod-sequences for the mailbox
- MUST send the OK untagged response including HIGHESTMODSEQ response
- code with every successful SELECT or EXAMINE command:
-
- OK [HIGHESTMODSEQ <mod-sequence-value>]
-
- where <mod-sequence-value> is the highest mod-sequence value of
- all messages in the mailbox. When the server changes UIDVALIDITY
- for a mailbox, it doesn't have to keep the same HIGHESTMODSEQ for
- the mailbox.
-
- A disconnected client can use the value of HIGHESTMODSEQ to check if
- it has to refetch metadata from the server. If the UIDVALIDITY value
- has changed for the selected mailbox, the client MUST delete the
- cached value of HIGHESTMODSEQ. If UIDVALIDITY for the mailbox is the
- same, and if the HIGHESTMODSEQ value stored in the client's cache is
- less than the value returned by the server, then some metadata items
- on the server have changed since the last synchronization, and the
- client needs to update its cache. The client MAY use SEARCH MODSEQ
- (Section 3.4) to find out exactly which metadata items have changed.
- Alternatively, the client MAY issue FETCH with the CHANGEDSINCE
- modifier (Section 3.3.1) in order to fetch data for all messages that
- have metadata items changed since some known modification sequence.
-
- Example 1:
-
- C: A142 SELECT INBOX
- S: * 172 EXISTS
-
-
-
-Melnikov & Hole Standards Track [Page 6]
-
-RFC 4551 IMAP Extension for Conditional STORE June 2006
-
-
- S: * 1 RECENT
- S: * OK [UNSEEN 12] Message 12 is first unseen
- S: * OK [UIDVALIDITY 3857529045] UIDs valid
- S: * OK [UIDNEXT 4392] Predicted next UID
- S: * FLAGS (\Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen \Draft)
- S: * OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\Deleted \Seen \*)] Limited
- S: * OK [HIGHESTMODSEQ 715194045007]
- S: A142 OK [READ-WRITE] SELECT completed
-
-3.1.2. NOMODSEQ Response Code
-
- A server that doesn't support the persistent storage of mod-sequences
- for the mailbox MUST send the OK untagged response including NOMODSEQ
- response code with every successful SELECT or EXAMINE command. A
- server that returned NOMODSEQ response code for a mailbox, which
- subsequently receives one of the following commands while the mailbox
- is selected:
-
- - a FETCH command with the CHANGEDSINCE modifier,
- - a FETCH or SEARCH command that includes the MODSEQ message data
- item, or
- - a STORE command with the UNCHANGEDSINCE modifier
-
- MUST reject any such command with the tagged BAD response.
-
- Example 2:
-
- C: A142 SELECT INBOX
- S: * 172 EXISTS
- S: * 1 RECENT
- S: * OK [UNSEEN 12] Message 12 is first unseen
- S: * OK [UIDVALIDITY 3857529045] UIDs valid
- S: * OK [UIDNEXT 4392] Predicted next UID
- S: * FLAGS (\Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen \Draft)
- S: * OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\Deleted \Seen \*)] Limited
- S: * OK [NOMODSEQ] Sorry, this mailbox format doesn't support
- modsequences
- S: A142 OK [READ-WRITE] SELECT completed
-
-3.2. STORE and UID STORE Commands
-
- This document defines the following STORE modifier (see Section 2.5
- of [IMAPABNF]):
-
- UNCHANGEDSINCE <mod-sequence>
-
- For each message specified in the message set, the server performs
- the following. If the mod-sequence of any metadata item of the
-
-
-
-Melnikov & Hole Standards Track [Page 7]
-
-RFC 4551 IMAP Extension for Conditional STORE June 2006
-
-
- message is equal or less than the specified UNCHANGEDSINCE value,
- then the requested operation (as described by the message data
- item) is performed. If the operation is successful, the server
- MUST update the mod-sequence attribute of the message. An
- untagged FETCH response MUST be sent, even if the .SILENT suffix
- is specified, and the response MUST include the MODSEQ message
- data item. This is required to update the client's cache with the
- correct mod-sequence values. See Section 3.3.2 for more details.
-
- However, if the mod-sequence of any metadata item of the message
- is greater than the specified UNCHANGEDSINCE value, then the
- requested operation MUST NOT be performed. In this case, the
- mod-sequence attribute of the message is not updated, and the
- message number (or unique identifier in the case of the UID STORE
- command) is added to the list of messages that failed the
- UNCHANGESINCE test.
-
- When the server finished performing the operation on all the
- messages in the message set, it checks for a non-empty list of
- messages that failed the UNCHANGESINCE test. If this list is
- non-empty, the server MUST return in the tagged response a
- MODIFIED response code. The MODIFIED response code includes the
- message set (for STORE) or set of UIDs (for UID STORE) of all
- messages that failed the UNCHANGESINCE test.
-
- Example 3:
-
- All messages pass the UNCHANGESINCE test.
-
- C: a103 UID STORE 6,4,8 (UNCHANGEDSINCE 12121230045)
- +FLAGS.SILENT (\Deleted)
- S: * 1 FETCH (UID 4 MODSEQ (12121231000))
- S: * 2 FETCH (UID 6 MODSEQ (12121230852))
- S: * 4 FETCH (UID 8 MODSEQ (12121130956))
- S: a103 OK Conditional Store completed
-
- Example 4:
-
- C: a104 STORE * (UNCHANGEDSINCE 12121230045) +FLAGS.SILENT
- (\Deleted $Processed)
- S: * 50 FETCH (MODSEQ (12111230047))
- S: a104 OK Store (conditional) completed
-
- Example 5:
-
- C: c101 STORE 1 (UNCHANGEDSINCE 12121230045) -FLAGS.SILENT
- (\Deleted)
- S: * OK [HIGHESTMODSEQ 12111230047]
-
-
-
-Melnikov & Hole Standards Track [Page 8]
-
-RFC 4551 IMAP Extension for Conditional STORE June 2006
-
-
- S: * 50 FETCH (MODSEQ (12111230048))
- S: c101 OK Store (conditional) completed
-
- HIGHESTMODSEQ response code was sent by the server presumably
- because this was the first CONDSTORE enabling command.
-
- Example 6:
-
- In spite of the failure of the conditional STORE operation for
- message 7, the server continues to process the conditional STORE
- in order to find all messages that fail the test.
-
- C: d105 STORE 7,5,9 (UNCHANGEDSINCE 320162338)
- +FLAGS.SILENT (\Deleted)
- S: * 5 FETCH (MODSEQ (320162350))
- S: d105 OK [MODIFIED 7,9] Conditional STORE failed
-
- Example 7:
-
- Same as above, but the server follows the SHOULD recommendation in
- Section 6.4.6 of [IMAP4].
-
- C: d105 STORE 7,5,9 (UNCHANGEDSINCE 320162338)
- +FLAGS.SILENT (\Deleted)
- S: * 7 FETCH (MODSEQ (320162342) FLAGS (\Seen \Deleted))
- S: * 5 FETCH (MODSEQ (320162350))
- S: * 9 FETCH (MODSEQ (320162349) FLAGS (\Answered))
- S: d105 OK [MODIFIED 7,9] Conditional STORE failed
-
- Use of UNCHANGEDSINCE with a modification sequence of 0 always
- fails if the metadata item exists. A system flag MUST always be
- considered existent, whether it was set or not.
-
- Example 8:
-
- C: a102 STORE 12 (UNCHANGEDSINCE 0)
- +FLAGS.SILENT ($MDNSent)
- S: a102 OK [MODIFIED 12] Conditional STORE failed
-
- The client has tested the presence of the $MDNSent user-defined
- keyword.
-
- Note: A client trying to make an atomic change to the state of a
- particular metadata item (or a set of metadata items) should be
- prepared to deal with the case when the server returns the MODIFIED
- response code if the state of the metadata item being watched hasn't
- changed (but the state of some other metadata item has). This is
- necessary, because some servers don't store separate mod-sequences
-
-
-
-Melnikov & Hole Standards Track [Page 9]
-
-RFC 4551 IMAP Extension for Conditional STORE June 2006
-
-
- for different metadata items. However, a server implementation
- SHOULD avoid generating spurious MODIFIED responses for +FLAGS/-FLAGS
- STORE operations, even when the server stores a single mod-sequence
- per message. Section 5 describes how this can be achieved.
-
- Unless the server has included an unsolicited FETCH to update
- client's knowledge about messages that have failed the UNCHANGEDSINCE
- test, upon receipt of the MODIFIED response code, the client SHOULD
- try to figure out if the required metadata items have indeed changed
- by issuing FETCH or NOOP command. It is RECOMMENDED that the server
- avoids the need for the client to do that by sending an unsolicited
- FETCH response (Examples 9 and 10).
-
- If the required metadata items haven't changed, the client SHOULD
- retry the command with the new mod-sequence. The client SHOULD allow
- for a configurable but reasonable number of retries (at least 2).
-
- Example 9:
-
- In the example below, the server returns the MODIFIED response
- code without sending information describing why the STORE
- UNCHANGEDSINCE operation has failed.
-
- C: a106 STORE 100:150 (UNCHANGEDSINCE 212030000000)
- +FLAGS.SILENT ($Processed)
- S: * 100 FETCH (MODSEQ (303181230852))
- S: * 102 FETCH (MODSEQ (303181230852))
- ...
- S: * 150 FETCH (MODSEQ (303181230852))
- S: a106 OK [MODIFIED 101] Conditional STORE failed
-
- The flag $Processed was set on the message 101...
-
- C: a107 NOOP
- S: * 101 FETCH (MODSEQ (303011130956) FLAGS ($Processed))
- S: a107 OK
-
- Or the flag hasn't changed, but another has (note that this server
- behaviour is discouraged. Server implementers should also see
- Section 5)...
-
- C: b107 NOOP
- S: * 101 FETCH (MODSEQ (303011130956) FLAGS (\Deleted \Answered))
- S: b107 OK
-
- ...and the client retries the operation for the message 101 with
- the updated UNCHANGEDSINCE value
-
-
-
-
-Melnikov & Hole Standards Track [Page 10]
-
-RFC 4551 IMAP Extension for Conditional STORE June 2006
-
-
- C: b108 STORE 101 (UNCHANGEDSINCE 303011130956)
- +FLAGS.SILENT ($Processed)
- S: * 101 FETCH (MODSEQ (303181230852))
- S: b108 OK Conditional Store completed
-
- Example 10:
-
- Same as above, but the server avoids the need for the client to
- poll for changes.
-
- The flag $Processed was set on the message 101 by another
- client...
-
- C: a106 STORE 100:150 (UNCHANGEDSINCE 212030000000)
- +FLAGS.SILENT ($Processed)
- S: * 100 FETCH (MODSEQ (303181230852))
- S: * 101 FETCH (MODSEQ (303011130956) FLAGS ($Processed))
- S: * 102 FETCH (MODSEQ (303181230852))
- ...
- S: * 150 FETCH (MODSEQ (303181230852))
- S: a106 OK [MODIFIED 101] Conditional STORE failed
-
- Or the flag hasn't changed, but another has (note that this server
- behaviour is discouraged. Server implementers should also see
- Section 5)...
-
- C: a106 STORE 100:150 (UNCHANGEDSINCE 212030000000)
- +FLAGS.SILENT ($Processed)
- S: * 100 FETCH (MODSEQ (303181230852))
- S: * 101 FETCH (MODSEQ (303011130956) FLAGS (\Deleted \Answered))
- S: * 102 FETCH (MODSEQ (303181230852))
- ...
- S: * 150 FETCH (MODSEQ (303181230852))
- S: a106 OK [MODIFIED 101] Conditional STORE failed
-
- ...and the client retries the operation for the message 101 with
- the updated UNCHANGEDSINCE value
-
- C: b108 STORE 101 (UNCHANGEDSINCE 303011130956)
- +FLAGS.SILENT ($Processed)
- S: * 101 FETCH (MODSEQ (303181230852))
- S: b108 OK Conditional Store completed
-
- Or the flag hasn't changed, but another has (nice server
- behaviour. Server implementers should also see Section 5)...
-
- C: a106 STORE 100:150 (UNCHANGEDSINCE 212030000000)
- +FLAGS.SILENT ($Processed)
-
-
-
-Melnikov & Hole Standards Track [Page 11]
-
-RFC 4551 IMAP Extension for Conditional STORE June 2006
-
-
- S: * 100 FETCH (MODSEQ (303181230852))
- S: * 101 FETCH (MODSEQ (303011130956) FLAGS ($Processed \Deleted
- \Answered))
- S: * 102 FETCH (MODSEQ (303181230852))
- ...
- S: * 150 FETCH (MODSEQ (303181230852))
- S: a106 OK Conditional STORE completed
-
- Example 11:
-
- The following example is based on the example from the Section
- 4.2.3 of [RFC-2180] and demonstrates that the MODIFIED response
- code may be also returned in the tagged NO response.
-
- Client tries to conditionally STORE flags on a mixture of expunged
- and non-expunged messages; one message fails the UNCHANGEDSINCE
- test.
-
- C: B001 STORE 1:7 (UNCHANGEDSINCE 320172338) +FLAGS (\SEEN)
- S: * 1 FETCH (MODSEQ (320172342) FLAGS (\SEEN))
- S: * 3 FETCH (MODSEQ (320172342) FLAGS (\SEEN))
- S: B001 NO [MODIFIED 2] Some of the messages no longer exist.
-
- C: B002 NOOP
- S: * 4 EXPUNGE
- S: * 4 EXPUNGE
- S: * 4 EXPUNGE
- S: * 4 EXPUNGE
- S: * 2 FETCH (MODSEQ (320172340) FLAGS (\Deleted \Answered))
- S: B002 OK NOOP Completed.
-
- By receiving FETCH responses for messages 1 and 3, and EXPUNGE
- responses that indicate that messages 4 through 7 have been
- expunged, the client retries the operation only for the message 2.
- The updated UNCHANGEDSINCE value is used.
-
- C: b003 STORE 2 (UNCHANGEDSINCE 320172340) +FLAGS (\Seen)
- S: * 2 FETCH (MODSEQ (320180050))
- S: b003 OK Conditional Store completed
-
- Note: If a message is specified multiple times in the message set,
- and the server doesn't internally eliminate duplicates from the
- message set, it MUST NOT fail the conditional STORE operation for the
- second (or subsequent) occurrence of the message if the operation
- completed successfully for the first occurrence. For example, if the
- client specifies:
-
-
-
-
-
-Melnikov & Hole Standards Track [Page 12]
-
-RFC 4551 IMAP Extension for Conditional STORE June 2006
-
-
- e105 STORE 7,3:9 (UNCHANGEDSINCE 12121230045)
- +FLAGS.SILENT (\Deleted)
-
- the server must not fail the operation for message 7 as part of
- processing "3:9" if it succeeded when message 7 was processed the
- first time.
-
- Once the client specified the UNCHANGEDSINCE modifier in a STORE
- command, the server MUST include the MODSEQ fetch response data items
- in all subsequent unsolicited FETCH responses.
-
- This document also changes the behaviour of the server when it has
- performed a STORE or UID STORE command and the UNCHANGEDSINCE
- modifier is not specified. If the operation is successful for a
- message, the server MUST update the mod-sequence attribute of the
- message. The server is REQUIRED to include the mod-sequence value
- whenever it decides to send the unsolicited FETCH response to all
- CONDSTORE-aware clients that have opened the mailbox containing the
- message.
-
- Server implementers should also see Section 3.8 for additional
- quality of implementation issues related to the STORE command.
-
-3.3. FETCH and UID FETCH Commands
-
-3.3.1. CHANGEDSINCE FETCH Modifier
-
- This document defines the following FETCH modifier (see Section 2.4
- of [IMAPABNF]):
-
- CHANGEDSINCE <mod-sequence>
-
- CHANGEDSINCE FETCH modifier allows to create a further subset of
- the list of messages described by sequence set. The information
- described by message data items is only returned for messages that
- have mod-sequence bigger than <mod-sequence>.
-
- When CHANGEDSINCE FETCH modifier is specified, it implicitly adds
- MODSEQ FETCH message data item (Section 3.3.2).
-
- Example 12:
-
- C: s100 UID FETCH 1:* (FLAGS) (CHANGEDSINCE 12345)
- S: * 1 FETCH (UID 4 MODSEQ (65402) FLAGS (\Seen))
- S: * 2 FETCH (UID 6 MODSEQ (75403) FLAGS (\Deleted))
- S: * 4 FETCH (UID 8 MODSEQ (29738) FLAGS ($NoJunk $AutoJunk
- $MDNSent))
- S: s100 OK FETCH completed
-
-
-
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-
-
-3.3.2. MODSEQ Message Data Item in FETCH Command
-
- This extension adds a MODSEQ message data item to the FETCH command.
- The MODSEQ message data item allows clients to retrieve mod-sequence
- values for a range of messages in the currently selected mailbox.
-
- Once the client specified the MODSEQ message data item in a FETCH
- request, the server MUST include the MODSEQ fetch response data items
- in all subsequent unsolicited FETCH responses.
-
- Syntax: MODSEQ
-
- The MODSEQ message data item causes the server to return MODSEQ
- fetch response data items.
-
- Syntax: MODSEQ ( <permsg-modsequence> )
-
- MODSEQ response data items contain per-message mod-sequences.
-
- The MODSEQ response data item is returned if the client issued
- FETCH with MODSEQ message data item. It also allows the server to
- notify the client about mod-sequence changes caused by conditional
- STOREs (Section 3.2) and/or changes caused by external sources.
-
- Example 13:
-
- C: a FETCH 1:3 (MODSEQ)
- S: * 1 FETCH (MODSEQ (624140003))
- S: * 2 FETCH (MODSEQ (624140007))
- S: * 3 FETCH (MODSEQ (624140005))
- S: a OK Fetch complete
-
- In this example, the client requests per-message mod-sequences for
- a set of messages.
-
- When a flag for a message is modified in a different session, the
- server sends an unsolicited FETCH response containing the mod-
- sequence for the message.
-
- Example 14:
-
- (Session 1, authenticated as a user "alex"). The user adds a
- shared flag \Deleted:
-
- C: A142 SELECT INBOX
- ...
- S: * FLAGS (\Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen \Draft)
- S: * OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\Answered \Deleted \Seen \*)] Limited
-
-
-
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-
-
- ...
-
- C: A160 STORE 7 +FLAGS.SILENT (\Deleted)
- S: * 7 FETCH (MODSEQ (2121231000))
- S: A160 OK Store completed
-
- (Session 2, also authenticated as the user "alex"). Any changes
- to flags are always reported to all sessions authenticated as the
- same user as in the session 1.
-
- C: C180 NOOP
- S: * 7 FETCH (FLAGS (\Deleted \Answered) MODSEQ (12121231000))
- S: C180 OK Noop completed
-
- (Session 3, authenticated as a user "andrew"). As \Deleted is a
- shared flag, changes in session 1 are also reported in session 3:
-
- C: D210 NOOP
- S: * 7 FETCH (FLAGS (\Deleted \Answered) MODSEQ (12121231000))
- S: D210 OK Noop completed
-
- The user modifies a private flag \Seen in session 1...
-
- C: A240 STORE 7 +FLAGS.SILENT (\Seen)
- S: * 7 FETCH (MODSEQ (12121231777))
- S: A240 OK Store completed
-
- ...which is only reported in session 2...
-
- C: C270 NOOP
- S: * 7 FETCH (FLAGS (\Deleted \Answered \Seen) MODSEQ
- (12121231777))
- S: C270 OK Noop completed
-
- ...but not in session 3.
-
- C: D300 NOOP
- S: D300 OK Noop completed
-
- And finally, the user removes flags \Answered (shared) and \Seen
- (private) in session 1.
-
- C: A330 STORE 7 -FLAGS.SILENT (\Answered \Seen)
- S: * 7 FETCH (MODSEQ (12121245160))
- S: A330 OK Store completed
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
-
- Both changes are reported in the session 2...
-
- C: C360 NOOP
- S: * 7 FETCH (FLAGS (\Deleted) MODSEQ (12121245160))
- S: C360 OK Noop completed
-
- ...and only changes to shared flags are reported in session 3.
-
- C: D390 NOOP
- S: * 7 FETCH (FLAGS (\Deleted) MODSEQ (12121245160))
- S: D390 OK Noop completed
-
- Server implementers should also see Section 3.8 for additional
- quality of implementation issues related to the FETCH command.
-
-3.4. MODSEQ Search Criterion in SEARCH
-
- The MODSEQ criterion for the SEARCH command allows a client to search
- for the metadata items that were modified since a specified moment.
-
- Syntax: MODSEQ [<entry-name> <entry-type-req>] <mod-sequence-valzer>
-
- Messages that have modification values that are equal to or
- greater than <mod-sequence-valzer>. This allows a client, for
- example, to find out which messages contain metadata items that
- have changed since the last time it updated its disconnected
- cache. The client may also specify <entry-name> (name of metadata
- item) and <entry-type-req> (type of metadata item) before
- <mod-sequence-valzer>. <entry-type-req> can be one of "shared",
- "priv" (private), or "all". The latter means that the server
- should use the biggest value among "priv" and "shared" mod-
- sequences for the metadata item. If the server doesn't store
- internally separate mod-sequences for different metadata items, it
- MUST ignore <entry-name> and <entry-type-req>. Otherwise, the
- server should use them to narrow down the search.
-
- For a flag <flagname>, the corresponding <entry-name> has a form
- "/flags/<flagname>" as defined in [IMAPABNF]. Note that the
- leading "\" character that denotes a system flag has to be escaped
- as per Section 4.3 of [IMAP4], as the <entry-name> uses syntax for
- quoted strings.
-
- If client specifies a MODSEQ criterion in a SEARCH command and the
- server returns a non-empty SEARCH result, the server MUST also append
- (to the end of the untagged SEARCH response) the highest mod-sequence
- for all messages being returned. See also Section 3.5.
-
-
-
-
-
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-
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-
-
- Example 15:
-
- C: a SEARCH MODSEQ "/flags/\\draft" all 620162338
- S: * SEARCH 2 5 6 7 11 12 18 19 20 23 (MODSEQ 917162500)
- S: a OK Search complete
-
- In the above example, the message numbers of any messages
- containing the string "IMAP4" in the "value" attribute of the
- "/comment" entry and having a mod-sequence equal to or greater
- than 620162338 for the "\Draft" flag are returned in the search
- results.
-
- Example 16:
-
- C: t SEARCH OR NOT MODSEQ 720162338 LARGER 50000
- S: * SEARCH
- S: t OK Search complete, nothing found
-
-3.5. Modified SEARCH Untagged Response
-
- Data: zero or more numbers
- mod-sequence value (omitted if no match)
-
- This document extends syntax of the untagged SEARCH response to
- include the highest mod-sequence for all messages being returned.
-
- If a client specifies a MODSEQ criterion in a SEARCH (or UID SEARCH)
- command and the server returns a non-empty SEARCH result, the server
- MUST also append (to the end of the untagged SEARCH response) the
- highest mod-sequence for all messages being returned. See Section
- 3.4 for examples.
-
-3.6. HIGHESTMODSEQ Status Data Items
-
- This document defines a new status data item:
-
- HIGHESTMODSEQ
-
- The highest mod-sequence value of all messages in the mailbox.
- This is the same value that is returned by the server in the
- HIGHESTMODSEQ response code in an OK untagged response (see
- Section 3.1.1). If the server doesn't support the persistent
- storage of mod-sequences for the mailbox (see Section 3.1.2), the
- server MUST return 0 as the value of HIGHESTMODSEQ status data
- item.
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
-RFC 4551 IMAP Extension for Conditional STORE June 2006
-
-
- Example 17:
-
- C: A042 STATUS blurdybloop (UIDNEXT MESSAGES HIGHESTMODSEQ)
- S: * STATUS blurdybloop (MESSAGES 231 UIDNEXT 44292
- HIGHESTMODSEQ 7011231777)
- S: A042 OK STATUS completed
-
-3.7. CONDSTORE Parameter to SELECT and EXAMINE
-
- The CONDSTORE extension defines a single optional select parameter,
- "CONDSTORE", which tells the server that it MUST include the MODSEQ
- fetch response data items in all subsequent unsolicited FETCH
- responses.
-
- The CONDSTORE parameter to SELECT/EXAMINE helps avoid a race
- condition that might arise when one or more metadata items are
- modified in another session after the server has sent the
- HIGHESTMODSEQ response code and before the client was able to issue a
- CONDSTORE enabling command.
-
- Example 18:
-
- C: A142 SELECT INBOX (CONDSTORE)
- S: * 172 EXISTS
- S: * 1 RECENT
- S: * OK [UNSEEN 12] Message 12 is first unseen
- S: * OK [UIDVALIDITY 3857529045] UIDs valid
- S: * OK [UIDNEXT 4392] Predicted next UID
- S: * FLAGS (\Answered \Flagged \Deleted \Seen \Draft)
- S: * OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\Deleted \Seen \*)] Limited
- S: * OK [HIGHESTMODSEQ 715194045007]
- S: A142 OK [READ-WRITE] SELECT completed, CONDSTORE is now enabled
-
-3.8. Additional Quality-of-Implementation Issues
-
- Server implementations should follow the following rule, which
- applies to any successfully completed STORE/UID STORE (with and
- without UNCHANGEDSINCE modifier), as well as to a FETCH command that
- implicitly sets \Seen flag:
-
- Adding the flag when it is already present or removing when it is
- not present SHOULD NOT change the mod-sequence.
-
- This will prevent spurious client synchronization requests.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
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-
-
- However, note that client implementers MUST NOT rely on this server
- behavior. A client can't distinguish between the case when a server
- has violated the SHOULD mentioned above, and that when one or more
- clients set and unset (or unset and set) the flag in another session.
-
-4. Formal Syntax
-
- The following syntax specification uses the Augmented Backus-Naur
- Form (ABNF) [ABNF] notation. Elements not defined here can be found
- in the formal syntax of the ABNF [ABNF], IMAP [IMAP4], and IMAP ABNF
- extensions [IMAPABNF] specifications.
-
- Except as noted otherwise, all alphabetic characters are case-
- insensitive. The use of upper- or lowercase characters to define
- token strings is for editorial clarity only. Implementations MUST
- accept these strings in a case-insensitive fashion.
-
- capability =/ "CONDSTORE"
-
- status-att =/ "HIGHESTMODSEQ"
- ;; extends non-terminal defined in RFC 3501.
-
- status-att-val =/ "HIGHESTMODSEQ" SP mod-sequence-valzer
- ;; extends non-terminal defined in [IMAPABNF].
- ;; Value 0 denotes that the mailbox doesn't
- ;; support persistent mod-sequences
- ;; as described in Section 3.1.2
-
- store-modifier =/ "UNCHANGEDSINCE" SP mod-sequence-valzer
- ;; Only a single "UNCHANGEDSINCE" may be
- ;; specified in a STORE operation
-
- fetch-modifier =/ chgsince-fetch-mod
- ;; conforms to the generic "fetch-modifier"
- ;; syntax defined in [IMAPABNF].
-
- chgsince-fetch-mod = "CHANGEDSINCE" SP mod-sequence-value
- ;; CHANGEDSINCE FETCH modifier conforms to
- ;; the fetch-modifier syntax
-
- fetch-att =/ fetch-mod-sequence
- ;; modifies original IMAP4 fetch-att
-
- fetch-mod-sequence = "MODSEQ"
-
- fetch-mod-resp = "MODSEQ" SP "(" permsg-modsequence ")"
-
- msg-att-dynamic =/ fetch-mod-resp
-
-
-
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-
-RFC 4551 IMAP Extension for Conditional STORE June 2006
-
-
- search-key =/ search-modsequence
- ;; modifies original IMAP4 search-key
- ;;
- ;; This change applies to all commands
- ;; referencing this non-terminal, in
- ;; particular SEARCH.
-
- search-modsequence = "MODSEQ" [search-modseq-ext] SP
- mod-sequence-valzer
-
- search-modseq-ext = SP entry-name SP entry-type-req
-
- resp-text-code =/ "HIGHESTMODSEQ" SP mod-sequence-value /
- "NOMODSEQ" /
- "MODIFIED" SP set
-
- entry-name = entry-flag-name
-
- entry-flag-name = DQUOTE "/flags/" attr-flag DQUOTE
- ;; each system or user defined flag <flag>
- ;; is mapped to "/flags/<flag>".
- ;;
- ;; <entry-flag-name> follows the escape rules
- ;; used by "quoted" string as described in
- ;; Section 4.3 of [IMAP4], e.g., for the flag
- ;; \Seen the corresponding <entry-name> is
- ;; "/flags/\\seen", and for the flag
- ;; $MDNSent, the corresponding <entry-name>
- ;; is "/flags/$mdnsent".
-
- entry-type-resp = "priv" / "shared"
- ;; metadata item type
-
- entry-type-req = entry-type-resp / "all"
- ;; perform SEARCH operation on private
- ;; metadata item, shared metadata item or both
-
- permsg-modsequence = mod-sequence-value
- ;; per message mod-sequence
-
- mod-sequence-value = 1*DIGIT
- ;; Positive unsigned 64-bit integer
- ;; (mod-sequence)
- ;; (1 <= n < 18,446,744,073,709,551,615)
-
- mod-sequence-valzer = "0" / mod-sequence-value
-
- search-sort-mod-seq = "(" "MODSEQ" SP mod-sequence-value ")"
-
-
-
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-
-RFC 4551 IMAP Extension for Conditional STORE June 2006
-
-
- select-param =/ condstore-param
- ;; conforms to the generic "select-param"
- ;; non-terminal syntax defined in [IMAPABNF].
-
- condstore-param = "CONDSTORE"
-
- mailbox-data =/ "SEARCH" [1*(SP nz-number) SP
- search-sort-mod-seq]
-
- attr-flag = "\\Answered" / "\\Flagged" / "\\Deleted" /
- "\\Seen" / "\\Draft" / attr-flag-keyword /
- attr-flag-extension
- ;; Does not include "\\Recent"
-
- attr-flag-extension = "\\" atom
- ;; Future expansion. Client implementations
- ;; MUST accept flag-extension flags. Server
- ;; implementations MUST NOT generate
- ;; flag-extension flags except as defined by
- ;; future standard or standards-track
- ;; revisions of [IMAP4].
-
- attr-flag-keyword = atom
-
-5. Server Implementation Considerations
-
- This section describes how a server implementation that doesn't store
- separate per-metadata mod-sequences for different metadata items can
- avoid sending the MODIFIED response to any of the following
- conditional STORE operations:
-
- +FLAGS
- -FLAGS
- +FLAGS.SILENT
- -FLAGS.SILENT
-
- Note that the optimization described in this section can't be
- performed in case of a conditional STORE FLAGS operation.
-
- Let's use the following example. The client has issued
-
- C: a106 STORE 100:150 (UNCHANGEDSINCE 212030000000)
- +FLAGS.SILENT ($Processed)
-
- When the server receives the command and parses it successfully, it
- iterates through the message set and tries to execute the conditional
- STORE command for each message.
-
-
-
-
-Melnikov & Hole Standards Track [Page 21]
-
-RFC 4551 IMAP Extension for Conditional STORE June 2006
-
-
- Each server internally works as a client, i.e., it has to cache the
- current state of all IMAP flags as it is known to the client. In
- order to report flag changes to the client, the server compares the
- cached values with the values in its database for IMAP flags.
-
- Imagine that another client has changed the state of a flag \Deleted
- on the message 101 and that the change updated the mod-sequence for
- the message. The server knows that the mod-sequence for the mailbox
- has changed; however, it also knows that:
-
- a) the client is not interested in \Deleted flag, as it hasn't
- included it in +FLAGS.SILENT operation; and
-
- b) the state of the flag $Processed hasn't changed (the server can
- determine this by comparing cached flag state with the state of
- the flag in the database).
-
- Therefore, the server doesn't have to report MODIFIED to the client.
- Instead, the server may set $Processed flag, update the mod-sequence
- for the message 101 once again and send an untagged FETCH response
- with new mod-sequence and flags:
-
- S: * 101 FETCH (MODSEQ (303011130956)
- FLAGS ($Processed \Deleted \Answered))
-
- See also Section 3.8 for additional quality-of-implementation issues.
-
-6. Security Considerations
-
- It is believed that the Conditional STORE extension doesn't raise any
- new security concerns that are not already discussed in [IMAP4].
- However, the availability of this extension may make it possible for
- IMAP4 to be used in critical applications it could not be used for
- previously, making correct IMAP server implementation and operation
- even more important.
-
-7. IANA Considerations
-
- IMAP4 capabilities are registered by publishing a standards track or
- IESG approved experimental RFC. The registry is currently located
- at:
-
- http://www.iana.org/assignments/imap4-capabilities
-
- This document defines the CONDSTORE IMAP capability. IANA has added
- it to the registry accordingly.
-
-
-
-
-
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-
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-
-
-8. References
-
-8.1. Normative References
-
- [KEYWORDS] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
- Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
-
- [ABNF] Crocker, D. and P. Overell, "Augmented BNF for Syntax
- Specifications: ABNF", RFC 4234, October 2005.
-
- [IMAP4] Crispin, M., "INTERNET MESSAGE ACCESS PROTOCOL - VERSION
- 4rev1", RFC 3501, March 2003.
-
- [IMAPABNF] Melnikov, A. and C. Daboo, "Collected Extensions to IMAP4
- ABNF", RFC 4466, April 2006.
-
-8.2. Informative References
-
- [ACAP] Newman, C. and J. Myers, "ACAP -- Application
- Configuration Access Protocol", RFC 2244, November 1997.
-
- [ACL] Melnikov, A., "IMAP4 Access Control List (ACL) Extension",
- RFC 4314, December 2005.
-
- [ANN] Daboo, C. and R. Gellens, "IMAP ANNOTATE Extension", Work
- in Progress, March 2006.
-
- [NTP] Mills, D., "Network Time Protocol (Version 3)
- Specification, Implementation and Analysis", RFC 1305,
- March 1992.
-
- [RFC-2180] Gahrns, M., "IMAP4 Multi-Accessed Mailbox Practice", RFC
- 2180, July 1997.
-
-9. Acknowledgements
-
- Some text was borrowed from "IMAP ANNOTATE Extension" [ANN] by
- Randall Gellens and Cyrus Daboo and from "ACAP -- Application
- Configuration Access Protocol" [ACAP] by Chris Newman and John Myers.
-
- Many thanks to Randall Gellens for his thorough review of the
- document.
-
- The authors also acknowledge the feedback provided by Cyrus Daboo,
- Larry Greenfield, Chris Newman, Harrie Hazewinkel, Arnt Gulbrandsen,
- Timo Sirainen, Mark Crispin, Ned Freed, Ken Murchison, and Dave
- Cridland.
-
-
-
-
-Melnikov & Hole Standards Track [Page 23]
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-
-
-Authors' Addresses
-
- Alexey Melnikov
- Isode Limited
- 5 Castle Business Village
- 36 Station Road
- Hampton, Middlesex
- TW12 2BX,
- United Kingdom
-
- EMail: Alexey.Melnikov@isode.com
-
-
- Steve Hole
- ACI WorldWide/MessagingDirect
- #1807, 10088 102 Ave
- Edmonton, AB
- T5J 2Z1
- Canada
-
- EMail: Steve.Hole@messagingdirect.com
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Melnikov & Hole Standards Track [Page 24]
-
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-
-
-Full Copyright Statement
-
- Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2006).
-
- This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
- contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
- retain all their rights.
-
- This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
- "AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
- OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET
- ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
- INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE
- INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
- WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
-
-Intellectual Property
-
- The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
- Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
- pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
- this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
- might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
- made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information
- on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
- found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
-
- Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
- assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
- attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of
- such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
- specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at
- http://www.ietf.org/ipr.
-
- The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
- copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
- rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement
- this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at
- ietf-ipr@ietf.org.
-
-Acknowledgement
-
- Funding for the RFC Editor function is provided by the IETF
- Administrative Support Activity (IASA).
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-Melnikov & Hole Standards Track [Page 25]
-