path: root/doc/makepkg.8

.TH makepkg 8 "January 30, 2006" "makepkg #VERSION#" ""
.SH NAME
makepkg \- package build utility
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBmakepkg [options]\fP
.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBmakepkg\fP will build packages for you.  All it needs is
a build-capable linux platform, wget, and some build scripts.  The advantage
to a script-based build is that you only really do the work once.  Once you
have the build script for a package, you just need to run makepkg and it
will do the rest: download and validate source files, check dependencies,
configure the buildtime settings, build the package, install the package
into a temporary root, make customizations, generate meta-info, and package
the whole thing up for \fBpacman\fP to use.

\fBmakeworld\fP can be used to rebuild an entire package group or the
entire build tree.  See \fBmakeworld --help\fP for syntax.
.SH BUILD PROCESS (or How To Build Your Own Packages)
Start in an isolated directory (ie, it's not used for anything other
than building this package).  The build script should be called PKGBUILD
and it should bear resemblance to the example below.

\fBNOTE:\fP If you have a local copy of the Arch Build System (ABS) tree
on your computer, you can copy the PKGBUILD.proto file to your new package
build directory and edit it from there.  To acquire/sync the ABS tree, use
the \fBabs\fP script included with pacman/makepkg.

.TP
.TP
.SH PKGBUILD Example:
.RS
.nf
pkgname=modutils
pkgver=2.4.25
pkgrel=1
pkgdesc="Utilities for inserting and removing modules from the linux kernel"
url="http://www.kernel.org"
backup=(etc/modules.conf)
makedepends=('bash' 'mawk')
depends=('glibc' 'zlib')
source=(ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/$pkgname/v2.4/$pkgname-$pkgver.tar.bz2 \\
        modules.conf)
md5sums=('2c0cca3ef6330a187c6ef4fe41ecaa4d' \\
        '35175bee593a7cc7d6205584a94d8625')

build() {
  cd $startdir/src/$pkgname-$pkgver
  ./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-insmod-static
  make || return 1
  make prefix=$startdir/pkg/usr install
  mv $startdir/pkg/usr/sbin $startdir/pkg
  mkdir -p $startdir/pkg/etc
  cp ../modules.conf $startdir/pkg/etc
}
.fi
.RE

As you can see, the setup is fairly simple.  The first three lines define
the package name and version info.  They also define the final package name
which will be of the form \fI$pkgname-$pkgver-$pkgrel.pkg.tar.gz\fP.  The fourth
line provides a brief description of the package.  These four lines should
be present in every PKGBUILD script.

The line with \fIbackup=\fP specifies files that should be treated specially
when removing or upgrading packages.  See \fBHANDLING CONFIG FILES\fP in
the \fIpacman\fP manpage for more information on this.

Lines 7 and 8 list the dependencies for this package.  The \fIdepends\fP array
specifies the run-time dependencies and \fImakedepends\fP specifies the build-time
dependencies.  In order to run the package, \fIdepends\fP must be satisfied.  To
build the package, \fBall\fP dependencies must be satisifed first.  makepkg
will check this before attempting to build the package.

The \fIsource\fP array tells makepkg which files to download/extract before compiling
begins.  The \fImd5sums\fP array provides md5sums for each of these files.  These
are used to validate the integrity of the source files.

Once your PKGBUILD is created, you can run \fImakepkg\fP from the build directory.
makepkg will then check dependencies and look for the source files required to
build.  If some are missing it will attempt to download them, provided there is
a fully-qualified URL in the \fIsource\fP array.

The sources are then extracted into a directory called ./src and
the \fIbuild\fP function is called.  This is where all package configuration,
building, and installing should be done.  Any customization will likely take
place here.

After a package is built, the \fIbuild\fP function must install the package
files into a special package root, which can be referenced by \fB$startdir/pkg\fP
in the \fIbuild\fP function.  The typical way to do this is one of the following:
.RS
.nf

make DESTDIR=$startdir/pkg install

or

make prefix=$startdir/pkg/usr install

.fi
.RE
Notice that the "/usr" portion should be present with "prefix", but not "DESTDIR".
"DESTDIR" is the favorable option to use, but not all Makefiles support it.  Use
"prefix" only when "DESTDIR" is unavailable.

Once the package is successfully installed into the package root, \fImakepkg\fP
will remove some directories (as per Arch Linux package guidelines; if you use
this elsewhere, feel free to change it) like /usr/doc and /usr/info.  It will
then strip debugging info from libraries and binaries and generate a meta-info
file.  Finally, it will compress everything into a .pkg.tar.gz file and leave it
in the directory you ran \fBmakepkg\fP from.

At this point you should have a package file in the current directory, named
something like name-version-release.pkg.tar.gz.  Done!

.SH Install/Upgrade/Remove Scripting
Pacman has the ability to store and execute a package-specific script when it
installs, removes, or upgrades a package.  This allows a package to "configure
itself" after installation and do the opposite right before it is removed.

The exact time the script is run varies with each operation:
.TP
.B pre_install
script is run right before files are extracted.

.TP
.B post_install
script is run right after files are extracted.

.TP
.B pre_upgrade
script is run right before files are extracted.

.TP
.B post_upgrade
script is run after files are extracted.

.TP
.B pre_remove
script is run right before files are removed.

.TP
.B post_remove
script is run right after files are removed.

.RE
To use this feature, just create a file (eg, pkgname.install) and put it in
the same directory as the PKGBUILD script.  Then use the \fIinstall\fP directive:
.RS
.nf
install=pkgname.install
.fi
.RE

The install script does not need to be specified in the \fIsource\fP array.

.TP
.TP
.SH Install scripts must follow this format:
.RS
.nf
# arg 1:  the new package version
pre_install() {
  #
  #  do pre-install stuff here
  #
  /bin/true
}

# arg 1:  the new package version
post_install() {
  #
  #  do post-install stuff here
  #
  /bin/true
}

# arg 1:  the new package version
# arg 2:  the old package version
pre_upgrade() {
  #
  #  do pre-upgrade stuff here
  #
  /bin/true
}

# arg 1:  the new package version
# arg 2:  the old package version
post_upgrade() {
  #
  #  do post-upgrade stuff here
  #
  /bin/true
}

# arg 1:  the old package version
pre_remove() {
  #
  #  do pre-remove stuff here
  #
  /bin/true
}

# arg 1:  the old package version
post_remove() {
  #
  #  do post-remove stuff here
  #
  /bin/true
}

op=$1
shift
$op $*
.fi
.RE

This template is also available in your ABS tree (/var/abs/install.proto).

.SH PKGBUILD Directives
.TP
.B pkgname
The name of the package.  This has be a unix-friendly name as it will be
used in the package filename.

.TP
.B pkgver
This is the version of the software as released from the author (eg, 2.7.1).

.TP
.B pkgrel
This is the release number specific to Arch Linux packages.

.TP
.B pkgdesc
This should be a brief description of the package and its functionality.

.TP
.B options
This array allows you to override some of makepkg's default behaviour
when building packages.  To set an option, just include the option name
in the \fBoptions\fP array.
.TP
.RS
\fIAvailable Options:\fP
.RS
.TP
.B FORCE
force the package to be upgraded by \fB--sysupgrade\fP, even
if its an older version.
.TP
.B KEEPDOCS
do not remove /usr/share/doc and /usr/share/info directories.
.TP
.B NOSTRIP
do not strip debugging symbols from binaries and libraries.
.RE
.RE

.TP
.B url
This field contains an optional URL that is associated with the piece of software
being packaged.  This is typically the project's website.

.TP
.B license
This field specifies the license(s) that apply to the package.  Commonly-used
licenses are typically found in \fI/usr/share/licenses/common\fP.  If you
see the package's license there, simply reference it in the license field
(eg, \fBlicense="GPL"\fP).  If the package provides a license not found in
\fI/usr/share/licenses/common\fP, then you should include the license in
the package itself and set \fBlicense="custom"\fP or \fBlicense="custom:LicenseName"\fP.
The license itself should be placed in a directory called
\fI$startdir/pkg/usr/share/licenses/$pkgname\fP.
.TP
.RE
If multiple licenses are applied, use the array form: \fBlicense=('GPL' 'FDL')\fP

.TP
.B install
Specifies a special install script that is to be included in the package.
This file should reside in the same directory as the PKGBUILD, and will be
copied into the package by makepkg.  It does not need to be included in the
\fIsource\fP array.  (eg, install=modutils.install)

.TP
.B source \fI(array)\fP 
The \fIsource\fP line is an array of source files required to build the
package.  Source files must reside in the same directory as the PKGBUILD
file, unless they have a fully-qualified URL.  Then if the source file
does not already exist in /var/cache/pacman/src, the file is downloaded
by wget.

.TP
.B md5sums \fI(array)\fP
If this field is present, it should contain an MD5 hash for every source file
specified in the \fIsource\fP array (in the same order).  makepkg will use
this to verify source file integrity during subsequent builds.  To easily
generate md5sums, first build using the PKGBUILD then run
\fBmakepkg -g >>PKGBUILD\fP.  Then you can edit the PKGBUILD and move the
\fImd5sums\fP line from the bottom to an appropriate location.

.TP
.B groups \fI(array)\fP
This is an array of symbolic names that represent groups of packages, allowing
you to install multiple packages by requesting a single target.  For example,
one could install all KDE packages by installing the 'kde' group.

.TP
.B backup \fI(array)\fP 
A space-delimited array of filenames (without a preceding slash). The
\fIbackup\fP line will be propagated to the package meta-info file for
pacman.  This will designate all files listed there to be backed up if this
package is ever removed from a system.  See \fBHANDLING CONFIG FILES\fP in
the \fIpacman\fP manpage for more information.

.TP
.B depends \fI(array)\fP 
An array of packages that this package depends on to build and run.  Packages
in this list should be surrounded with single quotes and contain at least the
package name.  They can also include a version requirement of the form
\fBname<>version\fP, where <> is one of these three comparisons: \fB>=\fP
(greater than equal to), \fB<=\fP (less than or equal to), or \fB=\fP (equal to).
See the PKGBUILD example above for an example of the \fIdepends\fP directive.

.TP
.B makedepends \fI(array)\fP
An array of packages that this package depends on to build (ie, not required
to run).  Packages in this list should follow the same format as \fIdepends\fP.

.TP
.B conflicts \fI(array)\fP 
An array of packages that will conflict with this package (ie, they cannot both
be installed at the same time).  This directive follows the same format as
\fIdepends\fP except you cannot specify versions here, only package names.

.TP
.B provides \fI(array)\fP 
An array of "virtual provisions" that this package provides.  This allows a package
to provide dependency names other than it's own package name.  For example, the
kernel-scsi and kernel-ide packages can each provide 'kernel' which allows packages
to simply depend on 'kernel' rather than "kernel-scsi OR kernel-ide OR ..."

.TP
.B replaces \fI(array)\fP 
This is an array of packages that this package should replace, and can be used to handle
renamed/combined packages.  For example, if the kernel package gets renamed
to kernel-ide, then subsequent 'pacman -Syu' calls will not pick up the upgrade, due
to the differing package names.  \fIreplaces\fP handles this.

.SH MAKEPKG OPTIONS
.TP
.B "\-b, \-\-builddeps"
Build missing dependencies from source.  When makepkg finds missing build-time or
run-time dependencies, it will look for the dependencies' PKGBUILD files under
$ABSROOT (set in your /etc/makepkg.conf).  If it finds them it will
run another copy of makepkg to build and install the missing dependencies.
The child makepkg calls will be made with the \fB-b\fP and \fB-i\fP options.
.TP
.B "\-B, \-\-noccache"
Do not use ccache during build.
.TP
.B "\-c, \-\-clean"
Clean up leftover work files/directories after a successful build.
.TP
.B "\-C, \-\-cleancache"
Removes all source files from the cache directory to free up diskspace.
.TP
.B "\-d, \-\-nodeps"
Do not perform any dependency checks.  This will let you override/ignore any
dependencies required.  There's a good chance this option will break the build
process if all of the dependencies aren't installed.
.TP
.B "\-e, \-\-noextract"
Do not extract source files.  Instead, use whatever already exists in the
src/ directory.  This is handy if you want to go into src and manually
patch/tweak code, then make a package out of the result.
.TP
.B "\-f, \-\-force"
\fBmakepkg\fP will not build a package if a \fIpkgname-pkgver-pkgrel.pkg.tar.gz\fP
file already exists in the build directory.  You can override this behaviour with
the \fB--force\fP switch.
.TP
.B "\-g, \-\-genmd5"
Download all source files (if required) and use \fImd5sum\fP to generate md5 hashes
for each of them.  You can then redirect the output into your PKGBUILD for source
validation (makepkg -g >>PKGBUILD).
.TP
.B "\-h, \-\-help"
Output syntax and commandline options.
.TP
.B "\-i, \-\-install"
Install/Upgrade the package after a successful build.
.TP
.B "\-j <jobs>"
Sets MAKEFLAGS="-j<jobs>" before building the package.  This is useful for overriding
the MAKEFLAGS setting in /etc/makepkg.conf.
.TP
.B "\-m, \-\-nocolor"
Disable color in output messages
.TP
.B "\-n, \-\-nostrip"
Do not strip binaries and libraries.
.TP
.B "\-o, \-\-nobuild"
Download and extract files only, do not build.
.TP
.B "\-p <buildscript>"
Read the package script \fI<buildscript>\fP instead of the default (\fIPKGBUILD\fP).
.TP
.B "\-r, \-\-rmdeps"
Upon successful build, remove any dependencies installed by makepkg/pacman during
dependency auto-resolution (using \fB-b\fP or \fB-s\fP).
.TP
.B "\-s, \-\-syncdeps"
Install missing dependencies using pacman.  When makepkg finds missing build-time
or run-time dependencies, it will run pacman to try and resolve them.  If successful,
pacman will download the missing packages from a package repository and
install them for you.
.TP
.B "\-S, \-\-sudosync"
Install missing dependencies using pacman and sudo. This is the same as \fB-s\fP
except that makepkg will call pacman with sudo. This means you don't have to
build as root to use dependency auto-resolution.
.TP
.B "\-w <destdir>"
Write the resulting package file to the directory \fI<destdir>\fP instead of the
current working directory.
.TP
.B "\-\-noconfirm"
When calling pacman to resolve dependencies or conflicts, makepkg can pass
the \fI--noconfirm\fP option to it so it does not wait for any user
input before proceeding with operations.
.TP
.B "\-\-noprogressbar"
When calling pacman, makepkg can pass the \fI--noprogressbar\fP option to it.
This is useful if one is directing makepkg's output to a non-terminal (ie, a file).

.SH CONFIGURATION
Configuration options are stored in \fI/etc/makepkg.conf\fP.  This file is parsed
as a bash script, so you can export any special compiler flags you wish
to use.  This is helpful for building for different architectures, or with
different optimizations.

\fBNOTE:\fP This does not guarantee that all package Makefiles will use
your exported variables.  Some of them are flaky...
.SH SEE ALSO
\fBpacman\fP is the package manager that uses packages built by makepkg.

See the Arch Linux Documentation for package-building guidelines if you wish
to contribute packages to the Arch Linux project.
.SH AUTHOR
.nf
Judd Vinet <jvinet@zeroflux.org>
.fi