/* $Id$ */

/*
 * This file is part of OpenTTD.
 * OpenTTD is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2.
 * OpenTTD is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 * See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with OpenTTD. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 */

/** @file train.h Base for the train class. */

#ifndef TRAIN_H
#define TRAIN_H

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "core/bitmath_func.hpp"
#include "vehicle_base.h"

struct Train;

enum VehicleRailFlags {
	VRF_REVERSING         = 0,

	/* used to calculate if train is going up or down */
	VRF_GOINGUP           = 1,
	VRF_GOINGDOWN         = 2,

	/* used to store if a wagon is powered or not */
	VRF_POWEREDWAGON      = 3,

	/* used to reverse the visible direction of the vehicle */
	VRF_REVERSE_DIRECTION = 4,

	/* used to mark train as lost because PF can't find the route */
	VRF_NO_PATH_TO_DESTINATION = 5,

	/* used to mark that electric train engine is allowed to run on normal rail */
	VRF_EL_ENGINE_ALLOWED_NORMAL_RAIL = 6,

	/* used for vehicle var 0xFE bit 8 (toggled each time the train is reversed, accurate for first vehicle only) */
	VRF_TOGGLE_REVERSE = 7,

	/* used to mark a train that can't get a path reservation */
	VRF_TRAIN_STUCK    = 8,
};

byte FreightWagonMult(CargoID cargo);

void UpdateTrainAcceleration(Train *v);
void CheckTrainsLengths();

void FreeTrainTrackReservation(const Train *v, TileIndex origin = INVALID_TILE, Trackdir orig_td = INVALID_TRACKDIR);
bool TryPathReserve(Train *v, bool mark_as_stuck = false, bool first_tile_okay = false);

int GetTrainStopLocation(StationID station_id, TileIndex tile, const Train *v, int *station_ahead, int *station_length);

void TrainConsistChanged(Train *v, bool same_length);
void TrainPowerChanged(Train *v);
int GetTrainCurveSpeedLimit(Train *v);
Money GetTrainRunningCost(const Train *v);

/** Variables that are cached to improve performance and such */
struct TrainCache {
	/* Cached wagon override spritegroup */
	const struct SpriteGroup *cached_override;

	uint16 last_speed; // NOSAVE: only used in UI

	/* cached values, recalculated on load and each time a vehicle is added to/removed from the consist. */
	uint32 cached_power;        ///< total power of the consist.
	uint16 cached_total_length; ///< Length of the whole train, valid only for first engine.
	uint8 cached_veh_length;    ///< length of this vehicle in units of 1/8 of normal length, cached because this can be set by a callback
	bool cached_tilt;           ///< train can tilt; feature provides a bonus in curves

	/* cached values, recalculated when the cargo on a train changes (in addition to the conditions above) */
	uint32 cached_weight;     ///< total weight of the consist.
	uint32 cached_veh_weight; ///< weight of the vehicle.
	uint32 cached_max_te;     ///< max tractive effort of consist

	/* cached max. speed / acceleration data */
	uint16 cached_max_speed;    ///< max speed of the consist. (minimum of the max speed of all vehicles in the consist)
	int cached_max_curve_speed; ///< max consist speed limited by curves

	/**
	 * Position/type of visual effect.
	 * bit 0 - 3 = position of effect relative to vehicle. (0 = front, 8 = centre, 15 = rear)
	 * bit 4 - 5 = type of effect. (0 = default for engine class, 1 = steam, 2 = diesel, 3 = electric)
	 * bit     6 = disable visual effect.
	 * bit     7 = disable powered wagons.
	 */
	byte cached_vis_effect;
	byte user_def_data;

	EngineID first_engine;  ///< cached EngineID of the front vehicle. INVALID_ENGINE for the front vehicle itself.
};

/**
 * 'Train' is either a loco or a wagon.
 */
struct Train : public SpecializedVehicle<Train, VEH_TRAIN> {
	TrainCache tcache;

	/* Link between the two ends of a multiheaded engine */
	Train *other_multiheaded_part;

	uint16 crash_anim_pos;

	uint16 flags;
	TrackBitsByte track;
	byte force_proceed;
	RailTypeByte railtype;
	RailTypes compatible_railtypes;

	/** Ticks waiting in front of a signal, ticks being stuck or a counter for forced proceeding through signals. */
	uint16 wait_counter;

	/** We don't want GCC to zero our struct! It already is zeroed and has an index! */
	Train() : SpecializedVehicle<Train, VEH_TRAIN>() {}
	/** We want to 'destruct' the right class. */
	virtual ~Train() { this->PreDestructor(); }

	const char *GetTypeString() const { return "train"; }
	void MarkDirty();
	void UpdateDeltaXY(Direction direction);
	ExpensesType GetExpenseType(bool income) const { return income ? EXPENSES_TRAIN_INC : EXPENSES_TRAIN_RUN; }
	void PlayLeaveStationSound() const;
	bool IsPrimaryVehicle() const { return this->IsFrontEngine(); }
	SpriteID GetImage(Direction direction) const;
	int GetDisplaySpeed() const { return this->tcache.last_speed; }
	int GetDisplayMaxSpeed() const { return this->tcache.cached_max_speed; }
	Money GetRunningCost() const;
	int GetDisplayImageWidth(Point *offset = NULL) const;
	bool IsInDepot() const;
	bool IsStoppedInDepot() const;
	bool Tick();
	void OnNewDay();
	uint Crash(bool flooded = false);
	Trackdir GetVehicleTrackdir() const;
	TileIndex GetOrderStationLocation(StationID station);
	bool FindClosestDepot(TileIndex *location, DestinationID *destination, bool *reverse);

	void ReserveTrackUnderConsist() const;

	/**
	 * enum to handle train subtypes
	 * Do not access it directly unless you have to. Use the access functions below
	 * This is an enum to tell what bit to access as it is a bitmask
	 */
	enum TrainSubtype {
		TS_FRONT             = 0, ///< Leading engine of a train
		TS_ARTICULATED_PART  = 1, ///< Articulated part of an engine
		TS_WAGON             = 2, ///< Wagon
		TS_ENGINE            = 3, ///< Engine, that can be front engine, but might be placed behind another engine
		TS_FREE_WAGON        = 4, ///< First in a wagon chain (in depot)
		TS_MULTIHEADED       = 5, ///< Engine is multiheaded
	};

	/**
	 * Set front engine state
	 */
	FORCEINLINE void SetFrontEngine() { SetBit(this->subtype, TS_FRONT); }

	/**
	 * Remove the front engine state
	 */
	FORCEINLINE void ClearFrontEngine() { ClrBit(this->subtype, TS_FRONT); }

	/**
	 * Set a vehicle to be an articulated part
	 */
	FORCEINLINE void SetArticulatedPart() { SetBit(this->subtype, TS_ARTICULATED_PART); }

	/**
	 * Clear a vehicle from being an articulated part
	 */
	FORCEINLINE void ClearArticulatedPart() { ClrBit(this->subtype, TS_ARTICULATED_PART); }

	/**
	 * Set a vehicle to be a wagon
	 */
	FORCEINLINE void SetWagon() { SetBit(this->subtype, TS_WAGON); }

	/**
	 * Clear wagon property
	 */
	FORCEINLINE void ClearWagon() { ClrBit(this->subtype, TS_WAGON); }

	/**
	 * Set engine status
	 */
	FORCEINLINE void SetEngine() { SetBit(this->subtype, TS_ENGINE); }

	/**
	 * Clear engine status
	 */
	FORCEINLINE void ClearEngine() { ClrBit(this->subtype, TS_ENGINE); }

	/**
	 * Set if a vehicle is a free wagon
	 */
	FORCEINLINE void SetFreeWagon() { SetBit(this->subtype, TS_FREE_WAGON); }

	/**
	 * Clear a vehicle from being a free wagon
	 */
	FORCEINLINE void ClearFreeWagon() { ClrBit(this->subtype, TS_FREE_WAGON); }

	/**
	 * Set if a vehicle is a multiheaded engine
	 */
	FORCEINLINE void SetMultiheaded() { SetBit(this->subtype, TS_MULTIHEADED); }

	/**
	 * Clear multiheaded engine property
	 */
	FORCEINLINE void ClearMultiheaded() { ClrBit(this->subtype, TS_MULTIHEADED); }


	/**
	 * Check if train is a front engine
	 * @return Returns true if train is a front engine
	 */
	FORCEINLINE bool IsFrontEngine() const { return HasBit(this->subtype, TS_FRONT); }

	/**
	 * Check if train is a free wagon (got no engine in front of it)
	 * @return Returns true if train is a free wagon
	 */
	FORCEINLINE bool IsFreeWagon() const { return HasBit(this->subtype, TS_FREE_WAGON); }

	/**
	 * Check if a vehicle is an engine (can be first in a train)
	 * @return Returns true if vehicle is an engine
	 */
	FORCEINLINE bool IsEngine() const { return HasBit(this->subtype, TS_ENGINE); }

	/**
	 * Check if a train is a wagon
	 * @return Returns true if vehicle is a wagon
	 */
	FORCEINLINE bool IsWagon() const { return HasBit(this->subtype, TS_WAGON); }

	/**
	 * Check if train is a multiheaded engine
	 * @return Returns true if vehicle is a multiheaded engine
	 */
	FORCEINLINE bool IsMultiheaded() const { return HasBit(this->subtype, TS_MULTIHEADED); }

	/**
	 * Tell if we are dealing with the rear end of a multiheaded engine.
	 * @return True if the engine is the rear part of a dualheaded engine.
	 */
	FORCEINLINE bool IsRearDualheaded() const { return this->IsMultiheaded() && !this->IsEngine(); }

	/**
	 * Check if train is an articulated part of an engine
	 * @return Returns true if train is an articulated part
	 */
	FORCEINLINE bool IsArticulatedPart() const { return HasBit(this->subtype, TS_ARTICULATED_PART); }

	/**
	 * Check if an engine has an articulated part.
	 * @return True if the engine has an articulated part.
	 */
	FORCEINLINE bool HasArticulatedPart() const { return this->Next() != NULL && this->Next()->IsArticulatedPart(); }


	/**
	 * Get the next part of a multi-part engine.
	 * Will only work on a multi-part engine (this->EngineHasArticPart() == true),
	 * Result is undefined for normal engine.
	 * @return next part of articulated engine
	 */
	FORCEINLINE Train *GetNextArticPart() const
	{
		assert(this->HasArticulatedPart());
		return this->Next();
	}

	/**
	 * Get the first part of a multi-part engine.
	 * @return First part of the engine.
	 */
	FORCEINLINE Train *GetFirstEnginePart()
	{
		Train *v = this;
		while (v->IsArticulatedPart()) v = v->Previous();
		return v;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the first part of a multi-part engine.
	 * @return First part of the engine.
	 */
	FORCEINLINE const Train *GetFirstEnginePart() const
	{
		const Train *v = this;
		while (v->IsArticulatedPart()) v = v->Previous();
		return v;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the last part of a multi-part engine.
	 * @return Last part of the engine.
	 */
	FORCEINLINE Train *GetLastEnginePart()
	{
		Train *v = this;
		while (v->HasArticulatedPart()) v = v->GetNextArticPart();
		return v;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the next real (non-articulated part) vehicle in the consist.
	 * @return Next vehicle in the consist.
	 */
	FORCEINLINE Train *GetNextVehicle() const
	{
		const Train *v = this;
		while (v->HasArticulatedPart()) v = v->GetNextArticPart();

		/* v now contains the last artic part in the engine */
		return v->Next();
	}

	/**
	 * Get the previous real (non-articulated part) vehicle in the consist.
	 * @return Previous vehicle in the consist.
	 */
	FORCEINLINE Train *GetPrevVehicle() const
	{
		Train *v = this->Previous();
		while (v != NULL && v->IsArticulatedPart()) v = v->Previous();

		return v;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the next real (non-articulated part and non rear part of dualheaded engine) vehicle in the consist.
	 * @return Next vehicle in the consist.
	 */
	FORCEINLINE Train *GetNextUnit() const
	{
		Train *v = this->GetNextVehicle();
		if (v != NULL && v->IsRearDualheaded()) v = v->GetNextVehicle();

		return v;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the previous real (non-articulated part and non rear part of dualheaded engine) vehicle in the consist.
	 * @return Previous vehicle in the consist.
	 */
	FORCEINLINE Train *GetPrevUnit()
	{
		Train *v = this->GetPrevVehicle();
		if (v != NULL && v->IsRearDualheaded()) v = v->GetPrevVehicle();

		return v;
	}
};

#define FOR_ALL_TRAINS(var) FOR_ALL_VEHICLES_OF_TYPE(Train, var)

#endif /* TRAIN_H */