path: root/src/paste.c

/* paste - merge lines of files
   Copyright (C) 1984, 1997-2003 by David M. Ihnat

   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
   any later version.

   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
   GNU General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
   Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */

/* Written by David Ihnat.  */

/* The list of valid escape sequences has been expanded over the Unix
   version, to include \b, \f, \r, and \v.

   POSIX changes, bug fixes, long-named options, and cleanup
   by David MacKenzie <djm@gnu.ai.mit.edu>.

   Options:
   --serial
   -s				Paste one file at a time rather than
				one line from each file.
   --delimiters=delim-list
   -d delim-list		Consecutively use the characters in
				DELIM-LIST instead of tab to separate
				merged lines.  When DELIM-LIST is exhausted,
				start again at its beginning.
   A FILE of `-' means standard input.
   If no FILEs are given, standard input is used. */

#include <config.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "system.h"
#include "error.h"

/* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix).  */
#define PROGRAM_NAME "paste"

#define AUTHORS "David M. Ihnat", "David MacKenzie"

/* Indicates that no delimiter should be added in the current position. */
#define EMPTY_DELIM '\0'

static FILE dummy_closed;
/* Element marking a file that has reached EOF and been closed. */
#define CLOSED (&dummy_closed)

static FILE dummy_endlist;
/* Element marking end of list of open files. */
#define ENDLIST (&dummy_endlist)

/* Name this program was run with. */
char *program_name;

/* If nonzero, we have read standard input at some point. */
static bool have_read_stdin;

/* If nonzero, merge subsequent lines of each file rather than
   corresponding lines from each file in parallel. */
static bool serial_merge;

/* The delimeters between lines of input files (used cyclically). */
static char *delims;

/* A pointer to the character after the end of `delims'. */
static char const *delim_end;

static struct option const longopts[] =
{
  {"serial", no_argument, 0, 's'},
  {"delimiters", required_argument, 0, 'd'},
  {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL},
  {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL},
  {0, 0, 0, 0}
};

/* Set globals delims and delim_end.  Copy STRPTR to DELIMS, converting
   backslash representations of special characters in STRPTR to their actual
   values. The set of possible backslash characters has been expanded beyond
   that recognized by the Unix version.  */

static void
collapse_escapes (char const *strptr)
{
  char *strout = xstrdup (strptr);
  delims = strout;

  while (*strptr)
    {
      if (*strptr != '\\')	/* Is it an escape character? */
	*strout++ = *strptr++;	/* No, just transfer it. */
      else
	{
	  switch (*++strptr)
	    {
	    case '0':
	      *strout++ = EMPTY_DELIM;
	      break;

	    case 'b':
	      *strout++ = '\b';
	      break;

	    case 'f':
	      *strout++ = '\f';
	      break;

	    case 'n':
	      *strout++ = '\n';
	      break;

	    case 'r':
	      *strout++ = '\r';
	      break;

	    case 't':
	      *strout++ = '\t';
	      break;

	    case 'v':
	      *strout++ = '\v';
	      break;

	    default:
	      *strout++ = *strptr;
	      break;
	    }
	  strptr++;
	}
    }
  delim_end = strout;
}

/* Perform column paste on the NFILES files named in FNAMPTR.
   Return 0 if no errors, 1 if one or more files could not be
   opened or read. */

static int
paste_parallel (size_t nfiles, char **fnamptr)
{
  int errors = 0;		/* 1 if open or read errors occur. */
  /* If all files are just ready to be closed, or will be on this
     round, the string of delimiters must be preserved.
     delbuf[0] through delbuf[nfiles]
     store the delimiters for closed files. */
  char *delbuf;
  FILE **fileptr;		/* Streams open to the files to process. */
  size_t files_open;		/* Number of files still open to process. */
  bool opened_stdin = false;	/* true if any fopen got fd == STDIN_FILENO */

  delbuf = xmalloc (nfiles + 2);
  fileptr = xnmalloc (nfiles + 1, sizeof *fileptr);

  /* Attempt to open all files.  This could be expanded to an infinite
     number of files, but at the (considerable) expense of remembering
     each file and its current offset, then opening/reading/closing.  */

  for (files_open = 0; files_open < nfiles; ++files_open)
    {
      if (STREQ (fnamptr[files_open], "-"))
	{
	  have_read_stdin = true;
	  fileptr[files_open] = stdin;
	}
      else
	{
	  fileptr[files_open] = fopen (fnamptr[files_open], "r");
	  if (fileptr[files_open] == NULL)
	    error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, "%s", fnamptr[files_open]);
	  else if (fileno (fileptr[files_open]) == STDIN_FILENO)
	    opened_stdin = true;
	}
    }

  fileptr[files_open] = ENDLIST;

  if (opened_stdin && have_read_stdin)
    error (EXIT_FAILURE, 0, _("standard input is closed"));

  /* Read a line from each file and output it to stdout separated by a
     delimiter, until we go through the loop without successfully
     reading from any of the files. */

  while (files_open)
    {
      /* Set up for the next line. */
      bool somedone = false;
      char const *delimptr = delims;
      size_t delims_saved = 0;	/* Number of delims saved in `delbuf'. */
      size_t i;

      for (i = 0; fileptr[i] != ENDLIST && files_open; i++)
	{
	  char chr IF_LINT (= 0);	/* Input character. */
	  size_t line_length = 0;	/* Number of chars in line. */
	  if (fileptr[i] != CLOSED)
	    {
	      chr = getc (fileptr[i]);
	      if (chr != EOF && delims_saved)
		{
		  fwrite (delbuf, sizeof (char), delims_saved, stdout);
		  delims_saved = 0;
		}

	      while (chr != EOF)
		{
		  line_length++;
		  if (chr == '\n')
		    break;
		  putc (chr, stdout);
		  chr = getc (fileptr[i]);
		}
	    }

	  if (line_length == 0)
	    {
	      /* EOF, read error, or closed file.
		 If an EOF or error, close the file and mark it in the list. */
	      if (fileptr[i] != CLOSED)
		{
		  if (ferror (fileptr[i]))
		    {
		      error (0, errno, "%s", fnamptr[i]);
		      errors = 1;
		    }
		  if (fileptr[i] == stdin)
		    clearerr (fileptr[i]); /* Also clear EOF. */
		  else if (fclose (fileptr[i]) == EOF)
		    {
		      error (0, errno, "%s", fnamptr[i]);
		      errors = 1;
		    }

		  fileptr[i] = CLOSED;
		  files_open--;
		}

	      if (fileptr[i + 1] == ENDLIST)
		{
		  /* End of this output line.
		     Is this the end of the whole thing? */
		  if (somedone)
		    {
		      /* No.  Some files were not closed for this line. */
		      if (delims_saved)
			{
			  fwrite (delbuf, sizeof (char), delims_saved, stdout);
			  delims_saved = 0;
			}
		      putc ('\n', stdout);
		    }
		  continue;	/* Next read of files, or exit. */
		}
	      else
		{
		  /* Closed file; add delimiter to `delbuf'. */
		  if (*delimptr != EMPTY_DELIM)
		    delbuf[delims_saved++] = *delimptr;
		  if (++delimptr == delim_end)
		    delimptr = delims;
		}
	    }
	  else
	    {
	      /* Some data read. */
	      somedone = true;

	      /* Except for last file, replace last newline with delim. */
	      if (fileptr[i + 1] != ENDLIST)
		{
		  if (chr != '\n' && chr != EOF)
		    putc (chr, stdout);
		  if (*delimptr != EMPTY_DELIM)
		    putc (*delimptr, stdout);
		  if (++delimptr == delim_end)
		    delimptr = delims;
		}
	      else
		{
		  /* If the last line of the last file lacks a newline,
		     print one anyhow.  POSIX requires this.  */
		  char c = (chr == EOF ? '\n' : chr);
		  putc (c, stdout);
		}
	    }
	}
    }
  free (fileptr);
  free (delbuf);
  return errors;
}

/* Perform serial paste on the NFILES files named in FNAMPTR.
   Return 0 if no errors, 1 if one or more files could not be
   opened or read. */

static int
paste_serial (size_t nfiles, char **fnamptr)
{
  int errors = 0;		/* 1 if open or read errors occur. */
  int charnew, charold; /* Current and previous char read. */
  char const *delimptr;	/* Current delimiter char. */
  FILE *fileptr;	/* Open for reading current file. */

  for (; nfiles; nfiles--, fnamptr++)
    {
      int saved_errno;
      if (STREQ (*fnamptr, "-"))
	{
	  have_read_stdin = true;
	  fileptr = stdin;
	}
      else
	{
	  fileptr = fopen (*fnamptr, "r");
	  if (fileptr == NULL)
	    {
	      error (0, errno, "%s", *fnamptr);
	      errors = 1;
	      continue;
	    }
	}

      delimptr = delims;	/* Set up for delimiter string. */

      charold = getc (fileptr);
      saved_errno = errno;
      if (charold != EOF)
	{
	  /* `charold' is set up.  Hit it!
	     Keep reading characters, stashing them in `charnew';
	     output `charold', converting to the appropriate delimiter
	     character if needed.  After the EOF, output `charold'
	     if it's a newline; otherwise, output it and then a newline. */

	  while ((charnew = getc (fileptr)) != EOF)
	    {
	      /* Process the old character. */
	      if (charold == '\n')
		{
		  if (*delimptr != EMPTY_DELIM)
		    putc (*delimptr, stdout);

		  if (++delimptr == delim_end)
		    delimptr = delims;
		}
	      else
		putc (charold, stdout);

	      charold = charnew;
	    }
	  saved_errno = errno;

	  /* Hit EOF.  Process that last character. */
	  putc (charold, stdout);
	}

      if (charold != '\n')
	putc ('\n', stdout);

      if (ferror (fileptr))
	{
	  error (0, saved_errno, "%s", *fnamptr);
	  errors = 1;
	}
      if (fileptr == stdin)
	clearerr (fileptr);	/* Also clear EOF. */
      else if (fclose (fileptr) == EOF)
	{
	  error (0, errno, "%s", *fnamptr);
	  errors = 1;
	}
    }
  return errors;
}

void
usage (int status)
{
  if (status != 0)
    fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
	     program_name);
  else
    {
      printf (_("\
Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n\
"),
	      program_name);
      fputs (_("\
Write lines consisting of the sequentially corresponding lines from\n\
each FILE, separated by TABs, to standard output.\n\
With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.\n\
\n\
"), stdout);
      fputs (_("\
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.\n\
"), stdout);
      fputs (_("\
  -d, --delimiters=LIST   reuse characters from LIST instead of TABs\n\
  -s, --serial            paste one file at a time instead of in parallel\n\
"), stdout);
      fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
      fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
      /* FIXME: add a couple of examples.  */
      printf (_("\nReport bugs to <%s>.\n"), PACKAGE_BUGREPORT);
    }
  exit (status == 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
}

int
main (int argc, char **argv)
{
  int optc, exit_status;
  char const *delim_arg = "\t";

  initialize_main (&argc, &argv);
  program_name = argv[0];
  setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
  bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
  textdomain (PACKAGE);

  atexit (close_stdout);

  have_read_stdin = false;
  serial_merge = false;

  while ((optc = getopt_long (argc, argv, "d:s", longopts, NULL)) != -1)
    {
      switch (optc)
	{
	case 0:
	  break;

	case 'd':
	  /* Delimiter character(s). */
	  if (optarg[0] == '\0')
	    optarg = "\\0";
	  delim_arg = optarg;
	  break;

	case 's':
	  serial_merge = true;
	  break;

	case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR;

	case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS);

	default:
	  usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
    }

  if (optind == argc)
    argv[argc++] = "-";

  collapse_escapes (delim_arg);

  if (!serial_merge)
    exit_status = paste_parallel (argc - optind, &argv[optind]);
  else
    exit_status = paste_serial (argc - optind, &argv[optind]);

  free (delims);

  if (have_read_stdin && fclose (stdin) == EOF)
    error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno, "-");
  exit (exit_status == 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
}