/* 'dir', 'vdir' and 'ls' directory listing programs for GNU. Copyright (C) 1985-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see . */ /* If ls_mode is LS_MULTI_COL, the multi-column format is the default regardless of the type of output device. This is for the 'dir' program. If ls_mode is LS_LONG_FORMAT, the long format is the default regardless of the type of output device. This is for the 'vdir' program. If ls_mode is LS_LS, the output format depends on whether the output device is a terminal. This is for the 'ls' program. */ /* Written by Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie. */ /* Color support by Peter Anvin and Dennis Flaherty based on original patches by Greg Lee . */ #include #include #include #if HAVE_STROPTS_H # include #endif #include #ifdef WINSIZE_IN_PTEM # include # include #endif #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #if HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET # include #endif /* Use SA_NOCLDSTOP as a proxy for whether the sigaction machinery is present. */ #ifndef SA_NOCLDSTOP # define SA_NOCLDSTOP 0 # define sigprocmask(How, Set, Oset) /* empty */ # define sigset_t int # if ! HAVE_SIGINTERRUPT # define siginterrupt(sig, flag) /* empty */ # endif #endif /* NonStop circa 2011 lacks both SA_RESTART and siginterrupt, so don't restart syscalls after a signal handler fires. This may cause colors to get messed up on the screen if 'ls' is interrupted, but that's the best we can do on such a platform. */ #ifndef SA_RESTART # define SA_RESTART 0 #endif #include "system.h" #include #include "acl.h" #include "argmatch.h" #include "dev-ino.h" #include "error.h" #include "filenamecat.h" #include "hard-locale.h" #include "hash.h" #include "human.h" #include "filemode.h" #include "filevercmp.h" #include "idcache.h" #include "ls.h" #include "mbswidth.h" #include "mpsort.h" #include "obstack.h" #include "quote.h" #include "smack.h" #include "stat-size.h" #include "stat-time.h" #include "strftime.h" #include "xdectoint.h" #include "xstrtol.h" #include "areadlink.h" #include "mbsalign.h" #include "dircolors.h" /* Include last to avoid a clash of include guards with some premature versions of libcap. For more details, see . */ #ifdef HAVE_CAP # include #endif #define PROGRAM_NAME (ls_mode == LS_LS ? "ls" \ : (ls_mode == LS_MULTI_COL \ ? "dir" : "vdir")) #define AUTHORS \ proper_name ("Richard M. Stallman"), \ proper_name ("David MacKenzie") #define obstack_chunk_alloc malloc #define obstack_chunk_free free /* Return an int indicating the result of comparing two integers. Subtracting doesn't always work, due to overflow. */ #define longdiff(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? -1 : (a) > (b)) /* Unix-based readdir implementations have historically returned a dirent.d_ino value that is sometimes not equal to the stat-obtained st_ino value for that same entry. This error occurs for a readdir entry that refers to a mount point. readdir's error is to return the inode number of the underlying directory -- one that typically cannot be stat'ed, as long as a file system is mounted on that directory. RELIABLE_D_INO encapsulates whether we can use the more efficient approach of relying on readdir-supplied d_ino values, or whether we must incur the cost of calling stat or lstat to obtain each guaranteed-valid inode number. */ #ifndef READDIR_LIES_ABOUT_MOUNTPOINT_D_INO # define READDIR_LIES_ABOUT_MOUNTPOINT_D_INO 1 #endif #if READDIR_LIES_ABOUT_MOUNTPOINT_D_INO # define RELIABLE_D_INO(dp) NOT_AN_INODE_NUMBER #else # define RELIABLE_D_INO(dp) D_INO (dp) #endif #if ! HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_AUTHOR # define st_author st_uid #endif enum filetype { unknown, fifo, chardev, directory, blockdev, normal, symbolic_link, sock, whiteout, arg_directory }; /* Display letters and indicators for each filetype. Keep these in sync with enum filetype. */ static char const filetype_letter[] = "?pcdb-lswd"; /* Ensure that filetype and filetype_letter have the same number of elements. */ verify (sizeof filetype_letter - 1 == arg_directory + 1); #define FILETYPE_INDICATORS \ { \ C_ORPHAN, C_FIFO, C_CHR, C_DIR, C_BLK, C_FILE, \ C_LINK, C_SOCK, C_FILE, C_DIR \ } enum acl_type { ACL_T_NONE, ACL_T_LSM_CONTEXT_ONLY, ACL_T_YES }; struct fileinfo { /* The file name. */ char *name; /* For symbolic link, name of the file linked to, otherwise zero. */ char *linkname; struct stat stat; enum filetype filetype; /* For symbolic link and long listing, st_mode of file linked to, otherwise zero. */ mode_t linkmode; /* security context. */ char *scontext; bool stat_ok; /* For symbolic link and color printing, true if linked-to file exists, otherwise false. */ bool linkok; /* For long listings, true if the file has an access control list, or a security context. */ enum acl_type acl_type; /* For color listings, true if a regular file has capability info. */ bool has_capability; }; #define LEN_STR_PAIR(s) sizeof (s) - 1, s /* Null is a valid character in a color indicator (think about Epson printers, for example) so we have to use a length/buffer string type. */ struct bin_str { size_t len; /* Number of bytes */ const char *string; /* Pointer to the same */ }; #if ! HAVE_TCGETPGRP # define tcgetpgrp(Fd) 0 #endif static size_t quote_name (FILE *out, const char *name, struct quoting_options const *options, size_t *width); static char *make_link_name (char const *name, char const *linkname); static int decode_switches (int argc, char **argv); static bool file_ignored (char const *name); static uintmax_t gobble_file (char const *name, enum filetype type, ino_t inode, bool command_line_arg, char const *dirname); static bool print_color_indicator (const struct fileinfo *f, bool symlink_target); static void put_indicator (const struct bin_str *ind); static void add_ignore_pattern (const char *pattern); static void attach (char *dest, const char *dirname, const char *name); static void clear_files (void); static void extract_dirs_from_files (char const *dirname, bool command_line_arg); static void get_link_name (char const *filename, struct fileinfo *f, bool command_line_arg); static void indent (size_t from, size_t to); static size_t calculate_columns (bool by_columns); static void print_current_files (void); static void print_dir (char const *name, char const *realname, bool command_line_arg); static size_t print_file_name_and_frills (const struct fileinfo *f, size_t start_col); static void print_horizontal (void); static int format_user_width (uid_t u); static int format_group_width (gid_t g); static void print_long_format (const struct fileinfo *f); static void print_many_per_line (void); static size_t print_name_with_quoting (const struct fileinfo *f, bool symlink_target, struct obstack *stack, size_t start_col); static void prep_non_filename_text (void); static bool print_type_indicator (bool stat_ok, mode_t mode, enum filetype type); static void print_with_separator (char sep); static void queue_directory (char const *name, char const *realname, bool command_line_arg); static void sort_files (void); static void parse_ls_color (void); static void getenv_quoting_style (void); /* Initial size of hash table. Most hierarchies are likely to be shallower than this. */ #define INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE 30 /* The set of 'active' directories, from the current command-line argument to the level in the hierarchy at which files are being listed. A directory is represented by its device and inode numbers (struct dev_ino). A directory is added to this set when ls begins listing it or its entries, and it is removed from the set just after ls has finished processing it. This set is used solely to detect loops, e.g., with mkdir loop; cd loop; ln -s ../loop sub; ls -RL */ static Hash_table *active_dir_set; #define LOOP_DETECT (!!active_dir_set) /* The table of files in the current directory: 'cwd_file' points to a vector of 'struct fileinfo', one per file. 'cwd_n_alloc' is the number of elements space has been allocated for. 'cwd_n_used' is the number actually in use. */ /* Address of block containing the files that are described. */ static struct fileinfo *cwd_file; /* Length of block that 'cwd_file' points to, measured in files. */ static size_t cwd_n_alloc; /* Index of first unused slot in 'cwd_file'. */ static size_t cwd_n_used; /* Vector of pointers to files, in proper sorted order, and the number of entries allocated for it. */ static void **sorted_file; static size_t sorted_file_alloc; /* When true, in a color listing, color each symlink name according to the type of file it points to. Otherwise, color them according to the 'ln' directive in LS_COLORS. Dangling (orphan) symlinks are treated specially, regardless. This is set when 'ln=target' appears in LS_COLORS. */ static bool color_symlink_as_referent; /* mode of appropriate file for colorization */ #define FILE_OR_LINK_MODE(File) \ ((color_symlink_as_referent && (File)->linkok) \ ? (File)->linkmode : (File)->stat.st_mode) /* Record of one pending directory waiting to be listed. */ struct pending { char *name; /* If the directory is actually the file pointed to by a symbolic link we were told to list, 'realname' will contain the name of the symbolic link, otherwise zero. */ char *realname; bool command_line_arg; struct pending *next; }; static struct pending *pending_dirs; /* Current time in seconds and nanoseconds since 1970, updated as needed when deciding whether a file is recent. */ static struct timespec current_time; static bool print_scontext; static char UNKNOWN_SECURITY_CONTEXT[] = "?"; /* Whether any of the files has an ACL. This affects the width of the mode column. */ static bool any_has_acl; /* The number of columns to use for columns containing inode numbers, block sizes, link counts, owners, groups, authors, major device numbers, minor device numbers, and file sizes, respectively. */ static int inode_number_width; static int block_size_width; static int nlink_width; static int scontext_width; static int owner_width; static int group_width; static int author_width; static int major_device_number_width; static int minor_device_number_width; static int file_size_width; /* Option flags */ /* long_format for lots of info, one per line. one_per_line for just names, one per line. many_per_line for just names, many per line, sorted vertically. horizontal for just names, many per line, sorted horizontally. with_commas for just names, many per line, separated by commas. -l (and other options that imply -l), -1, -C, -x and -m control this parameter. */ enum format { long_format, /* -l and other options that imply -l */ one_per_line, /* -1 */ many_per_line, /* -C */ horizontal, /* -x */ with_commas /* -m */ }; static enum format format; /* 'full-iso' uses full ISO-style dates and times. 'long-iso' uses longer ISO-style time stamps, though shorter than 'full-iso'. 'iso' uses shorter ISO-style time stamps. 'locale' uses locale-dependent time stamps. */ enum time_style { full_iso_time_style, /* --time-style=full-iso */ long_iso_time_style, /* --time-style=long-iso */ iso_time_style, /* --time-style=iso */ locale_time_style /* --time-style=locale */ }; static char const *const time_style_args[] = { "full-iso", "long-iso", "iso", "locale", NULL }; static enum time_style const time_style_types[] = { full_iso_time_style, long_iso_time_style, iso_time_style, locale_time_style }; ARGMATCH_VERIFY (time_style_args, time_style_types); /* Type of time to print or sort by. Controlled by -c and -u. The values of each item of this enum are important since they are used as indices in the sort functions array (see sort_files()). */ enum time_type { time_mtime, /* default */ time_ctime, /* -c */ time_atime, /* -u */ time_numtypes /* the number of elements of this enum */ }; static enum time_type time_type; /* The file characteristic to sort by. Controlled by -t, -S, -U, -X, -v. The values of each item of this enum are important since they are used as indices in the sort functions array (see sort_files()). */ enum sort_type { sort_none = -1, /* -U */ sort_name, /* default */ sort_extension, /* -X */ sort_size, /* -S */ sort_version, /* -v */ sort_time, /* -t */ sort_numtypes /* the number of elements of this enum */ }; static enum sort_type sort_type; /* Direction of sort. false means highest first if numeric, lowest first if alphabetic; these are the defaults. true means the opposite order in each case. -r */ static bool sort_reverse; /* True means to display owner information. -g turns this off. */ static bool print_owner = true; /* True means to display author information. */ static bool print_author; /* True means to display group information. -G and -o turn this off. */ static bool print_group = true; /* True means print the user and group id's as numbers rather than as names. -n */ static bool numeric_ids; /* True means mention the size in blocks of each file. -s */ static bool print_block_size; /* Human-readable options for output, when printing block counts. */ static int human_output_opts; /* The units to use when printing block counts. */ static uintmax_t output_block_size; /* Likewise, but for file sizes. */ static int file_human_output_opts; static uintmax_t file_output_block_size = 1; /* Follow the output with a special string. Using this format, Emacs' dired mode starts up twice as fast, and can handle all strange characters in file names. */ static bool dired; /* 'none' means don't mention the type of files. 'slash' means mention directories only, with a '/'. 'file_type' means mention file types. 'classify' means mention file types and mark executables. Controlled by -F, -p, and --indicator-style. */ enum indicator_style { none, /* --indicator-style=none */ slash, /* -p, --indicator-style=slash */ file_type, /* --indicator-style=file-type */ classify /* -F, --indicator-style=classify */ }; static enum indicator_style indicator_style; /* Names of indicator styles. */ static char const *const indicator_style_args[] = { "none", "slash", "file-type", "classify", NULL }; static enum indicator_style const indicator_style_types[] = { none, slash, file_type, classify }; ARGMATCH_VERIFY (indicator_style_args, indicator_style_types); /* True means use colors to mark types. Also define the different colors as well as the stuff for the LS_COLORS environment variable. The LS_COLORS variable is now in a termcap-like format. */ static bool print_with_color; /* Whether we used any colors in the output so far. If so, we will need to restore the default color later. If not, we will need to call prep_non_filename_text before using color for the first time. */ static bool used_color = false; enum color_type { color_never, /* 0: default or --color=never */ color_always, /* 1: --color=always */ color_if_tty /* 2: --color=tty */ }; enum Dereference_symlink { DEREF_UNDEFINED = 1, DEREF_NEVER, DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS, /* -H */ DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR, /* the default, in certain cases */ DEREF_ALWAYS /* -L */ }; enum indicator_no { C_LEFT, C_RIGHT, C_END, C_RESET, C_NORM, C_FILE, C_DIR, C_LINK, C_FIFO, C_SOCK, C_BLK, C_CHR, C_MISSING, C_ORPHAN, C_EXEC, C_DOOR, C_SETUID, C_SETGID, C_STICKY, C_OTHER_WRITABLE, C_STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE, C_CAP, C_MULTIHARDLINK, C_CLR_TO_EOL }; static const char *const indicator_name[]= { "lc", "rc", "ec", "rs", "no", "fi", "di", "ln", "pi", "so", "bd", "cd", "mi", "or", "ex", "do", "su", "sg", "st", "ow", "tw", "ca", "mh", "cl", NULL }; struct color_ext_type { struct bin_str ext; /* The extension we're looking for */ struct bin_str seq; /* The sequence to output when we do */ struct color_ext_type *next; /* Next in list */ }; static struct bin_str color_indicator[] = { { LEN_STR_PAIR ("\033[") }, /* lc: Left of color sequence */ { LEN_STR_PAIR ("m") }, /* rc: Right of color sequence */ { 0, NULL }, /* ec: End color (replaces lc+rs+rc) */ { LEN_STR_PAIR ("0") }, /* rs: Reset to ordinary colors */ { 0, NULL }, /* no: Normal */ { 0, NULL }, /* fi: File: default */ { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;34") }, /* di: Directory: bright blue */ { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;36") }, /* ln: Symlink: bright cyan */ { LEN_STR_PAIR ("33") }, /* pi: Pipe: yellow/brown */ { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;35") }, /* so: Socket: bright magenta */ { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;33") }, /* bd: Block device: bright yellow */ { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;33") }, /* cd: Char device: bright yellow */ { 0, NULL }, /* mi: Missing file: undefined */ { 0, NULL }, /* or: Orphaned symlink: undefined */ { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;32") }, /* ex: Executable: bright green */ { LEN_STR_PAIR ("01;35") }, /* do: Door: bright magenta */ { LEN_STR_PAIR ("37;41") }, /* su: setuid: white on red */ { LEN_STR_PAIR ("30;43") }, /* sg: setgid: black on yellow */ { LEN_STR_PAIR ("37;44") }, /* st: sticky: black on blue */ { LEN_STR_PAIR ("34;42") }, /* ow: other-writable: blue on green */ { LEN_STR_PAIR ("30;42") }, /* tw: ow w/ sticky: black on green */ { LEN_STR_PAIR ("30;41") }, /* ca: black on red */ { 0, NULL }, /* mh: disabled by default */ { LEN_STR_PAIR ("\033[K") }, /* cl: clear to end of line */ }; /* FIXME: comment */ static struct color_ext_type *color_ext_list = NULL; /* Buffer for color sequences */ static char *color_buf; /* True means to check for orphaned symbolic link, for displaying colors. */ static bool check_symlink_color; /* True means mention the inode number of each file. -i */ static bool print_inode; /* What to do with symbolic links. Affected by -d, -F, -H, -l (and other options that imply -l), and -L. */ static enum Dereference_symlink dereference; /* True means when a directory is found, display info on its contents. -R */ static bool recursive; /* True means when an argument is a directory name, display info on it itself. -d */ static bool immediate_dirs; /* True means that directories are grouped before files. */ static bool directories_first; /* Which files to ignore. */ static enum { /* Ignore files whose names start with '.', and files specified by --hide and --ignore. */ IGNORE_DEFAULT, /* Ignore '.', '..', and files specified by --ignore. */ IGNORE_DOT_AND_DOTDOT, /* Ignore only files specified by --ignore. */ IGNORE_MINIMAL } ignore_mode; /* A linked list of shell-style globbing patterns. If a non-argument file name matches any of these patterns, it is ignored. Controlled by -I. Multiple -I options accumulate. The -B option adds '*~' and '.*~' to this list. */ struct ignore_pattern { const char *pattern; struct ignore_pattern *next; }; static struct ignore_pattern *ignore_patterns; /* Similar to IGNORE_PATTERNS, except that -a or -A causes this variable itself to be ignored. */ static struct ignore_pattern *hide_patterns; /* True means output nongraphic chars in file names as '?'. (-q, --hide-control-chars) qmark_funny_chars and the quoting style (-Q, --quoting-style=WORD) are independent. The algorithm is: first, obey the quoting style to get a string representing the file name; then, if qmark_funny_chars is set, replace all nonprintable chars in that string with '?'. It's necessary to replace nonprintable chars even in quoted strings, because we don't want to mess up the terminal if control chars get sent to it, and some quoting methods pass through control chars as-is. */ static bool qmark_funny_chars; /* Quoting options for file and dir name output. */ static struct quoting_options *filename_quoting_options; static struct quoting_options *dirname_quoting_options; /* The number of chars per hardware tab stop. Setting this to zero inhibits the use of TAB characters for separating columns. -T */ static size_t tabsize; /* True means print each directory name before listing it. */ static bool print_dir_name; /* The line length to use for breaking lines in many-per-line format. Can be set with -w. */ static size_t line_length; /* The local time zone rules, as per the TZ environment variable. */ static timezone_t localtz; /* If true, the file listing format requires that stat be called on each file. */ static bool format_needs_stat; /* Similar to 'format_needs_stat', but set if only the file type is needed. */ static bool format_needs_type; /* An arbitrary limit on the number of bytes in a printed time stamp. This is set to a relatively small value to avoid the need to worry about denial-of-service attacks on servers that run "ls" on behalf of remote clients. 1000 bytes should be enough for any practical time stamp format. */ enum { TIME_STAMP_LEN_MAXIMUM = MAX (1000, INT_STRLEN_BOUND (time_t)) }; /* strftime formats for non-recent and recent files, respectively, in -l output. */ static char const *long_time_format[2] = { /* strftime format for non-recent files (older than 6 months), in -l output. This should contain the year, month and day (at least), in an order that is understood by people in your locale's territory. Please try to keep the number of used screen columns small, because many people work in windows with only 80 columns. But make this as wide as the other string below, for recent files. */ /* TRANSLATORS: ls output needs to be aligned for ease of reading, so be wary of using variable width fields from the locale. Note %b is handled specially by ls and aligned correctly. Note also that specifying a width as in %5b is erroneous as strftime will count bytes rather than characters in multibyte locales. */ N_("%b %e %Y"), /* strftime format for recent files (younger than 6 months), in -l output. This should contain the month, day and time (at least), in an order that is understood by people in your locale's territory. Please try to keep the number of used screen columns small, because many people work in windows with only 80 columns. But make this as wide as the other string above, for non-recent files. */ /* TRANSLATORS: ls output needs to be aligned for ease of reading, so be wary of using variable width fields from the locale. Note %b is handled specially by ls and aligned correctly. Note also that specifying a width as in %5b is erroneous as strftime will count bytes rather than characters in multibyte locales. */ N_("%b %e %H:%M") }; /* The set of signals that are caught. */ static sigset_t caught_signals; /* If nonzero, the value of the pending fatal signal. */ static sig_atomic_t volatile interrupt_signal; /* A count of the number of pending stop signals that have been received. */ static sig_atomic_t volatile stop_signal_count; /* Desired exit status. */ static int exit_status; /* Exit statuses. */ enum { /* "ls" had a minor problem. E.g., while processing a directory, ls obtained the name of an entry via readdir, yet was later unable to stat that name. This happens when listing a directory in which entries are actively being removed or renamed. */ LS_MINOR_PROBLEM = 1, /* "ls" had more serious trouble (e.g., memory exhausted, invalid option or failure to stat a command line argument. */ LS_FAILURE = 2 }; /* For long options that have no equivalent short option, use a non-character as a pseudo short option, starting with CHAR_MAX + 1. */ enum { AUTHOR_OPTION = CHAR_MAX + 1, BLOCK_SIZE_OPTION, COLOR_OPTION, DEREFERENCE_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR_OPTION, FILE_TYPE_INDICATOR_OPTION, FORMAT_OPTION, FULL_TIME_OPTION, GROUP_DIRECTORIES_FIRST_OPTION, HIDE_OPTION, INDICATOR_STYLE_OPTION, QUOTING_STYLE_OPTION, SHOW_CONTROL_CHARS_OPTION, SI_OPTION, SORT_OPTION, TIME_OPTION, TIME_STYLE_OPTION }; static struct option const long_options[] = { {"all", no_argument, NULL, 'a'}, {"escape", no_argument, NULL, 'b'}, {"directory", no_argument, NULL, 'd'}, {"dired", no_argument, NULL, 'D'}, {"full-time", no_argument, NULL, FULL_TIME_OPTION}, {"group-directories-first", no_argument, NULL, GROUP_DIRECTORIES_FIRST_OPTION}, {"human-readable", no_argument, NULL, 'h'}, {"inode", no_argument, NULL, 'i'}, {"kibibytes", no_argument, NULL, 'k'}, {"numeric-uid-gid", no_argument, NULL, 'n'}, {"no-group", no_argument, NULL, 'G'}, {"hide-control-chars", no_argument, NULL, 'q'}, {"reverse", no_argument, NULL, 'r'}, {"size", no_argument, NULL, 's'}, {"width", required_argument, NULL, 'w'}, {"almost-all", no_argument, NULL, 'A'}, {"ignore-backups", no_argument, NULL, 'B'}, {"classify", no_argument, NULL, 'F'}, {"file-type", no_argument, NULL, FILE_TYPE_INDICATOR_OPTION}, {"si", no_argument, NULL, SI_OPTION}, {"dereference-command-line", no_argument, NULL, 'H'}, {"dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir", no_argument, NULL, DEREFERENCE_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR_OPTION}, {"hide", required_argument, NULL, HIDE_OPTION}, {"ignore", required_argument, NULL, 'I'}, {"indicator-style", required_argument, NULL, INDICATOR_STYLE_OPTION}, {"dereference", no_argument, NULL, 'L'}, {"literal", no_argument, NULL, 'N'}, {"quote-name", no_argument, NULL, 'Q'}, {"quoting-style", required_argument, NULL, QUOTING_STYLE_OPTION}, {"recursive", no_argument, NULL, 'R'}, {"format", required_argument, NULL, FORMAT_OPTION}, {"show-control-chars", no_argument, NULL, SHOW_CONTROL_CHARS_OPTION}, {"sort", required_argument, NULL, SORT_OPTION}, {"tabsize", required_argument, NULL, 'T'}, {"time", required_argument, NULL, TIME_OPTION}, {"time-style", required_argument, NULL, TIME_STYLE_OPTION}, {"color", optional_argument, NULL, COLOR_OPTION}, {"block-size", required_argument, NULL, BLOCK_SIZE_OPTION}, {"context", no_argument, 0, 'Z'}, {"author", no_argument, NULL, AUTHOR_OPTION}, {GETOPT_HELP_OPTION_DECL}, {GETOPT_VERSION_OPTION_DECL}, {NULL, 0, NULL, 0} }; static char const *const format_args[] = { "verbose", "long", "commas", "horizontal", "across", "vertical", "single-column", NULL }; static enum format const format_types[] = { long_format, long_format, with_commas, horizontal, horizontal, many_per_line, one_per_line }; ARGMATCH_VERIFY (format_args, format_types); static char const *const sort_args[] = { "none", "time", "size", "extension", "version", NULL }; static enum sort_type const sort_types[] = { sort_none, sort_time, sort_size, sort_extension, sort_version }; ARGMATCH_VERIFY (sort_args, sort_types); static char const *const time_args[] = { "atime", "access", "use", "ctime", "status", NULL }; static enum time_type const time_types[] = { time_atime, time_atime, time_atime, time_ctime, time_ctime }; ARGMATCH_VERIFY (time_args, time_types); static char const *const color_args[] = { /* force and none are for compatibility with another color-ls version */ "always", "yes", "force", "never", "no", "none", "auto", "tty", "if-tty", NULL }; static enum color_type const color_types[] = { color_always, color_always, color_always, color_never, color_never, color_never, color_if_tty, color_if_tty, color_if_tty }; ARGMATCH_VERIFY (color_args, color_types); /* Information about filling a column. */ struct column_info { bool valid_len; size_t line_len; size_t *col_arr; }; /* Array with information about column filledness. */ static struct column_info *column_info; /* Maximum number of columns ever possible for this display. */ static size_t max_idx; /* The minimum width of a column is 3: 1 character for the name and 2 for the separating white space. */ #define MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH 3 /* This zero-based index is used solely with the --dired option. When that option is in effect, this counter is incremented for each byte of output generated by this program so that the beginning and ending indices (in that output) of every file name can be recorded and later output themselves. */ static size_t dired_pos; #define DIRED_PUTCHAR(c) do {putchar ((c)); ++dired_pos;} while (0) /* Write S to STREAM and increment DIRED_POS by S_LEN. */ #define DIRED_FPUTS(s, stream, s_len) \ do {fputs (s, stream); dired_pos += s_len;} while (0) /* Like DIRED_FPUTS, but for use when S is a literal string. */ #define DIRED_FPUTS_LITERAL(s, stream) \ do {fputs (s, stream); dired_pos += sizeof (s) - 1;} while (0) #define DIRED_INDENT() \ do \ { \ if (dired) \ DIRED_FPUTS_LITERAL (" ", stdout); \ } \ while (0) /* With --dired, store pairs of beginning and ending indices of filenames. */ static struct obstack dired_obstack; /* With --dired, store pairs of beginning and ending indices of any directory names that appear as headers (just before 'total' line) for lists of directory entries. Such directory names are seen when listing hierarchies using -R and when a directory is listed with at least one other command line argument. */ static struct obstack subdired_obstack; /* Save the current index on the specified obstack, OBS. */ #define PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS(obs) \ do \ { \ if (dired) \ obstack_grow (obs, &dired_pos, sizeof (dired_pos)); \ } \ while (0) /* With -R, this stack is used to help detect directory cycles. The device/inode pairs on this stack mirror the pairs in the active_dir_set hash table. */ static struct obstack dev_ino_obstack; /* Push a pair onto the device/inode stack. */ static void dev_ino_push (dev_t dev, ino_t ino) { void *vdi; struct dev_ino *di; int dev_ino_size = sizeof *di; obstack_blank (&dev_ino_obstack, dev_ino_size); vdi = obstack_next_free (&dev_ino_obstack); di = vdi; di--; di->st_dev = dev; di->st_ino = ino; } /* Pop a dev/ino struct off the global dev_ino_obstack and return that struct. */ static struct dev_ino dev_ino_pop (void) { void *vdi; struct dev_ino *di; int dev_ino_size = sizeof *di; assert (dev_ino_size <= obstack_object_size (&dev_ino_obstack)); obstack_blank_fast (&dev_ino_obstack, -dev_ino_size); vdi = obstack_next_free (&dev_ino_obstack); di = vdi; return *di; } /* Note the use commented out below: #define ASSERT_MATCHING_DEV_INO(Name, Di) \ do \ { \ struct stat sb; \ assert (Name); \ assert (0 <= stat (Name, &sb)); \ assert (sb.st_dev == Di.st_dev); \ assert (sb.st_ino == Di.st_ino); \ } \ while (0) */ /* Write to standard output PREFIX, followed by the quoting style and a space-separated list of the integers stored in OS all on one line. */ static void dired_dump_obstack (const char *prefix, struct obstack *os) { size_t n_pos; n_pos = obstack_object_size (os) / sizeof (dired_pos); if (n_pos > 0) { size_t i; size_t *pos; pos = (size_t *) obstack_finish (os); fputs (prefix, stdout); for (i = 0; i < n_pos; i++) printf (" %lu", (unsigned long int) pos[i]); putchar ('\n'); } } /* Read the abbreviated month names from the locale, to align them and to determine the max width of the field and to truncate names greater than our max allowed. Note even though this handles multibyte locales correctly it's not restricted to them as single byte locales can have variable width abbreviated months and also precomputing/caching the names was seen to increase the performance of ls significantly. */ /* max number of display cells to use */ enum { MAX_MON_WIDTH = 5 }; /* In the unlikely event that the abmon[] storage is not big enough an error message will be displayed, and we revert to using unmodified abbreviated month names from the locale database. */ static char abmon[12][MAX_MON_WIDTH * 2 * MB_LEN_MAX + 1]; /* minimum width needed to align %b, 0 => don't use precomputed values. */ static size_t required_mon_width; static size_t abmon_init (void) { #ifdef HAVE_NL_LANGINFO required_mon_width = MAX_MON_WIDTH; size_t curr_max_width; do { curr_max_width = required_mon_width; required_mon_width = 0; for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) { size_t width = curr_max_width; size_t req = mbsalign (nl_langinfo (ABMON_1 + i), abmon[i], sizeof (abmon[i]), &width, MBS_ALIGN_LEFT, 0); if (req == (size_t) -1 || req >= sizeof (abmon[i])) { required_mon_width = 0; /* ignore precomputed strings. */ return required_mon_width; } required_mon_width = MAX (required_mon_width, width); } } while (curr_max_width > required_mon_width); #endif return required_mon_width; } static size_t dev_ino_hash (void const *x, size_t table_size) { struct dev_ino const *p = x; return (uintmax_t) p->st_ino % table_size; } static bool dev_ino_compare (void const *x, void const *y) { struct dev_ino const *a = x; struct dev_ino const *b = y; return SAME_INODE (*a, *b) ? true : false; } static void dev_ino_free (void *x) { free (x); } /* Add the device/inode pair (P->st_dev/P->st_ino) to the set of active directories. Return true if there is already a matching entry in the table. */ static bool visit_dir (dev_t dev, ino_t ino) { struct dev_ino *ent; struct dev_ino *ent_from_table; bool found_match; ent = xmalloc (sizeof *ent); ent->st_ino = ino; ent->st_dev = dev; /* Attempt to insert this entry into the table. */ ent_from_table = hash_insert (active_dir_set, ent); if (ent_from_table == NULL) { /* Insertion failed due to lack of memory. */ xalloc_die (); } found_match = (ent_from_table != ent); if (found_match) { /* ent was not inserted, so free it. */ free (ent); } return found_match; } static void free_pending_ent (struct pending *p) { free (p->name); free (p->realname); free (p); } static bool is_colored (enum indicator_no type) { size_t len = color_indicator[type].len; char const *s = color_indicator[type].string; return ! (len == 0 || (len == 1 && STRNCMP_LIT (s, "0") == 0) || (len == 2 && STRNCMP_LIT (s, "00") == 0)); } static void restore_default_color (void) { put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_LEFT]); put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_RIGHT]); } static void set_normal_color (void) { if (print_with_color && is_colored (C_NORM)) { put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_LEFT]); put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_NORM]); put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_RIGHT]); } } /* An ordinary signal was received; arrange for the program to exit. */ static void sighandler (int sig) { if (! SA_NOCLDSTOP) signal (sig, SIG_IGN); if (! interrupt_signal) interrupt_signal = sig; } /* A SIGTSTP was received; arrange for the program to suspend itself. */ static void stophandler (int sig) { if (! SA_NOCLDSTOP) signal (sig, stophandler); if (! interrupt_signal) stop_signal_count++; } /* Process any pending signals. If signals are caught, this function should be called periodically. Ideally there should never be an unbounded amount of time when signals are not being processed. Signal handling can restore the default colors, so callers must immediately change colors after invoking this function. */ static void process_signals (void) { while (interrupt_signal || stop_signal_count) { int sig; int stops; sigset_t oldset; if (used_color) restore_default_color (); fflush (stdout); sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, &caught_signals, &oldset); /* Reload interrupt_signal and stop_signal_count, in case a new signal was handled before sigprocmask took effect. */ sig = interrupt_signal; stops = stop_signal_count; /* SIGTSTP is special, since the application can receive that signal more than once. In this case, don't set the signal handler to the default. Instead, just raise the uncatchable SIGSTOP. */ if (stops) { stop_signal_count = stops - 1; sig = SIGSTOP; } else signal (sig, SIG_DFL); /* Exit or suspend the program. */ raise (sig); sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &oldset, NULL); /* If execution reaches here, then the program has been continued (after being suspended). */ } } int main (int argc, char **argv) { int i; struct pending *thispend; int n_files; /* The signals that are trapped, and the number of such signals. */ static int const sig[] = { /* This one is handled specially. */ SIGTSTP, /* The usual suspects. */ SIGALRM, SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGPIPE, SIGQUIT, SIGTERM, #ifdef SIGPOLL SIGPOLL, #endif #ifdef SIGPROF SIGPROF, #endif #ifdef SIGVTALRM SIGVTALRM, #endif #ifdef SIGXCPU SIGXCPU, #endif #ifdef SIGXFSZ SIGXFSZ, #endif }; enum { nsigs = ARRAY_CARDINALITY (sig) }; #if ! SA_NOCLDSTOP bool caught_sig[nsigs]; #endif initialize_main (&argc, &argv); set_program_name (argv[0]); setlocale (LC_ALL, ""); bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR); textdomain (PACKAGE); initialize_exit_failure (LS_FAILURE); atexit (close_stdout); assert (ARRAY_CARDINALITY (color_indicator) + 1 == ARRAY_CARDINALITY (indicator_name)); exit_status = EXIT_SUCCESS; print_dir_name = true; pending_dirs = NULL; current_time.tv_sec = TYPE_MINIMUM (time_t); current_time.tv_nsec = -1; i = decode_switches (argc, argv); if (print_with_color) parse_ls_color (); /* Test print_with_color again, because the call to parse_ls_color may have just reset it -- e.g., if LS_COLORS is invalid. */ if (print_with_color) { /* Avoid following symbolic links when possible. */ if (is_colored (C_ORPHAN) || (is_colored (C_EXEC) && color_symlink_as_referent) || (is_colored (C_MISSING) && format == long_format)) check_symlink_color = true; /* If the standard output is a controlling terminal, watch out for signals, so that the colors can be restored to the default state if "ls" is suspended or interrupted. */ if (0 <= tcgetpgrp (STDOUT_FILENO)) { int j; #if SA_NOCLDSTOP struct sigaction act; sigemptyset (&caught_signals); for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++) { sigaction (sig[j], NULL, &act); if (act.sa_handler != SIG_IGN) sigaddset (&caught_signals, sig[j]); } act.sa_mask = caught_signals; act.sa_flags = SA_RESTART; for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++) if (sigismember (&caught_signals, sig[j])) { act.sa_handler = sig[j] == SIGTSTP ? stophandler : sighandler; sigaction (sig[j], &act, NULL); } #else for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++) { caught_sig[j] = (signal (sig[j], SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN); if (caught_sig[j]) { signal (sig[j], sig[j] == SIGTSTP ? stophandler : sighandler); siginterrupt (sig[j], 0); } } #endif } } if (dereference == DEREF_UNDEFINED) dereference = ((immediate_dirs || indicator_style == classify || format == long_format) ? DEREF_NEVER : DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR); /* When using -R, initialize a data structure we'll use to detect any directory cycles. */ if (recursive) { active_dir_set = hash_initialize (INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE, NULL, dev_ino_hash, dev_ino_compare, dev_ino_free); if (active_dir_set == NULL) xalloc_die (); obstack_init (&dev_ino_obstack); } localtz = tzalloc (getenv ("TZ")); format_needs_stat = sort_type == sort_time || sort_type == sort_size || format == long_format || print_scontext || print_block_size; format_needs_type = (! format_needs_stat && (recursive || print_with_color || indicator_style != none || directories_first)); if (dired) { obstack_init (&dired_obstack); obstack_init (&subdired_obstack); } cwd_n_alloc = 100; cwd_file = xnmalloc (cwd_n_alloc, sizeof *cwd_file); cwd_n_used = 0; clear_files (); n_files = argc - i; if (n_files <= 0) { if (immediate_dirs) gobble_file (".", directory, NOT_AN_INODE_NUMBER, true, ""); else queue_directory (".", NULL, true); } else do gobble_file (argv[i++], unknown, NOT_AN_INODE_NUMBER, true, ""); while (i < argc); if (cwd_n_used) { sort_files (); if (!immediate_dirs) extract_dirs_from_files (NULL, true); /* 'cwd_n_used' might be zero now. */ } /* In the following if/else blocks, it is sufficient to test 'pending_dirs' (and not pending_dirs->name) because there may be no markers in the queue at this point. A marker may be enqueued when extract_dirs_from_files is called with a non-empty string or via print_dir. */ if (cwd_n_used) { print_current_files (); if (pending_dirs) DIRED_PUTCHAR ('\n'); } else if (n_files <= 1 && pending_dirs && pending_dirs->next == 0) print_dir_name = false; while (pending_dirs) { thispend = pending_dirs; pending_dirs = pending_dirs->next; if (LOOP_DETECT) { if (thispend->name == NULL) { /* thispend->name == NULL means this is a marker entry indicating we've finished processing the directory. Use its dev/ino numbers to remove the corresponding entry from the active_dir_set hash table. */ struct dev_ino di = dev_ino_pop (); struct dev_ino *found = hash_delete (active_dir_set, &di); /* ASSERT_MATCHING_DEV_INO (thispend->realname, di); */ assert (found); dev_ino_free (found); free_pending_ent (thispend); continue; } } print_dir (thispend->name, thispend->realname, thispend->command_line_arg); free_pending_ent (thispend); print_dir_name = true; } if (print_with_color) { int j; if (used_color) { /* Skip the restore when it would be a no-op, i.e., when left is "\033[" and right is "m". */ if (!(color_indicator[C_LEFT].len == 2 && memcmp (color_indicator[C_LEFT].string, "\033[", 2) == 0 && color_indicator[C_RIGHT].len == 1 && color_indicator[C_RIGHT].string[0] == 'm')) restore_default_color (); } fflush (stdout); /* Restore the default signal handling. */ #if SA_NOCLDSTOP for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++) if (sigismember (&caught_signals, sig[j])) signal (sig[j], SIG_DFL); #else for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++) if (caught_sig[j]) signal (sig[j], SIG_DFL); #endif /* Act on any signals that arrived before the default was restored. This can process signals out of order, but there doesn't seem to be an easy way to do them in order, and the order isn't that important anyway. */ for (j = stop_signal_count; j; j--) raise (SIGSTOP); j = interrupt_signal; if (j) raise (j); } if (dired) { /* No need to free these since we're about to exit. */ dired_dump_obstack ("//DIRED//", &dired_obstack); dired_dump_obstack ("//SUBDIRED//", &subdired_obstack); printf ("//DIRED-OPTIONS// --quoting-style=%s\n", quoting_style_args[get_quoting_style (filename_quoting_options)]); } if (LOOP_DETECT) { assert (hash_get_n_entries (active_dir_set) == 0); hash_free (active_dir_set); } return exit_status; } /* Set the line length to the value given by SPEC. Return true if successful. 0 means no limit on line length. */ static bool set_line_length (char const *spec) { uintmax_t val; /* Treat too-large values as if they were SIZE_MAX, which is effectively infinity. */ switch (xstrtoumax (spec, NULL, 0, &val, "")) { case LONGINT_OK: line_length = MIN (val, SIZE_MAX); return true; case LONGINT_OVERFLOW: line_length = SIZE_MAX; return true; default: return false; } } /* Set all the option flags according to the switches specified. Return the index of the first non-option argument. */ static int decode_switches (int argc, char **argv) { char *time_style_option = NULL; bool sort_type_specified = false; bool kibibytes_specified = false; qmark_funny_chars = false; /* initialize all switches to default settings */ switch (ls_mode) { case LS_MULTI_COL: /* This is for the 'dir' program. */ format = many_per_line; set_quoting_style (NULL, escape_quoting_style); break; case LS_LONG_FORMAT: /* This is for the 'vdir' program. */ format = long_format; set_quoting_style (NULL, escape_quoting_style); break; case LS_LS: /* This is for the 'ls' program. */ if (isatty (STDOUT_FILENO)) { format = many_per_line; set_quoting_style (NULL, shell_escape_quoting_style); /* See description of qmark_funny_chars, above. */ qmark_funny_chars = true; } else { format = one_per_line; qmark_funny_chars = false; } break; default: abort (); } time_type = time_mtime; sort_type = sort_name; sort_reverse = false; numeric_ids = false; print_block_size = false; indicator_style = none; print_inode = false; dereference = DEREF_UNDEFINED; recursive = false; immediate_dirs = false; ignore_mode = IGNORE_DEFAULT; ignore_patterns = NULL; hide_patterns = NULL; print_scontext = false; getenv_quoting_style (); line_length = 80; { char const *p = getenv ("COLUMNS"); if (p && *p && ! set_line_length (p)) error (0, 0, _("ignoring invalid width in environment variable COLUMNS: %s"), quote (p)); } #ifdef TIOCGWINSZ { struct winsize ws; if (ioctl (STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) != -1 && 0 < ws.ws_col && ws.ws_col == (size_t) ws.ws_col) line_length = ws.ws_col; } #endif { char const *p = getenv ("TABSIZE"); tabsize = 8; if (p) { unsigned long int tmp_ulong; if (xstrtoul (p, NULL, 0, &tmp_ulong, NULL) == LONGINT_OK && tmp_ulong <= SIZE_MAX) { tabsize = tmp_ulong; } else { error (0, 0, _("ignoring invalid tab size in environment variable TABSIZE: %s"), quote (p)); } } } while (true) { int oi = -1; int c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "abcdfghiklmnopqrstuvw:xABCDFGHI:LNQRST:UXZ1", long_options, &oi); if (c == -1) break; switch (c) { case 'a': ignore_mode = IGNORE_MINIMAL; break; case 'b': set_quoting_style (NULL, escape_quoting_style); break; case 'c': time_type = time_ctime; break; case 'd': immediate_dirs = true; break; case 'f': /* Same as enabling -a -U and disabling -l -s. */ ignore_mode = IGNORE_MINIMAL; sort_type = sort_none; sort_type_specified = true; /* disable -l */ if (format == long_format) format = (isatty (STDOUT_FILENO) ? many_per_line : one_per_line); print_block_size = false; /* disable -s */ print_with_color = false; /* disable --color */ break; case FILE_TYPE_INDICATOR_OPTION: /* --file-type */ indicator_style = file_type; break; case 'g': format = long_format; print_owner = false; break; case 'h': file_human_output_opts = human_output_opts = human_autoscale | human_SI | human_base_1024; file_output_block_size = output_block_size = 1; break; case 'i': print_inode = true; break; case 'k': kibibytes_specified = true; break; case 'l': format = long_format; break; case 'm': format = with_commas; break; case 'n': numeric_ids = true; format = long_format; break; case 'o': /* Just like -l, but don't display group info. */ format = long_format; print_group = false; break; case 'p': indicator_style = slash; break; case 'q': qmark_funny_chars = true; break; case 'r': sort_reverse = true; break; case 's': print_block_size = true; break; case 't': sort_type = sort_time; sort_type_specified = true; break; case 'u': time_type = time_atime; break; case 'v': sort_type = sort_version; sort_type_specified = true; break; case 'w': if (! set_line_length (optarg)) error (LS_FAILURE, 0, "%s: %s", _("invalid line width"), quote (optarg)); break; case 'x': format = horizontal; break; case 'A': if (ignore_mode == IGNORE_DEFAULT) ignore_mode = IGNORE_DOT_AND_DOTDOT; break; case 'B': add_ignore_pattern ("*~"); add_ignore_pattern (".*~"); break; case 'C': format = many_per_line; break; case 'D': dired = true; break; case 'F': indicator_style = classify; break; case 'G': /* inhibit display of group info */ print_group = false; break; case 'H': dereference = DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS; break; case DEREFERENCE_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR_OPTION: dereference = DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR; break; case 'I': add_ignore_pattern (optarg); break; case 'L': dereference = DEREF_ALWAYS; break; case 'N': set_quoting_style (NULL, literal_quoting_style); break; case 'Q': set_quoting_style (NULL, c_quoting_style); break; case 'R': recursive = true; break; case 'S': sort_type = sort_size; sort_type_specified = true; break; case 'T': tabsize = xnumtoumax (optarg, 0, 0, SIZE_MAX, "", _("invalid tab size"), LS_FAILURE); break; case 'U': sort_type = sort_none; sort_type_specified = true; break; case 'X': sort_type = sort_extension; sort_type_specified = true; break; case '1': /* -1 has no effect after -l. */ if (format != long_format) format = one_per_line; break; case AUTHOR_OPTION: print_author = true; break; case HIDE_OPTION: { struct ignore_pattern *hide = xmalloc (sizeof *hide); hide->pattern = optarg; hide->next = hide_patterns; hide_patterns = hide; } break; case SORT_OPTION: sort_type = XARGMATCH ("--sort", optarg, sort_args, sort_types); sort_type_specified = true; break; case GROUP_DIRECTORIES_FIRST_OPTION: directories_first = true; break; case TIME_OPTION: time_type = XARGMATCH ("--time", optarg, time_args, time_types); break; case FORMAT_OPTION: format = XARGMATCH ("--format", optarg, format_args, format_types); break; case FULL_TIME_OPTION: format = long_format; time_style_option = bad_cast ("full-iso"); break; case COLOR_OPTION: { int i; if (optarg) i = XARGMATCH ("--color", optarg, color_args, color_types); else /* Using --color with no argument is equivalent to using --color=always. */ i = color_always; print_with_color = (i == color_always || (i == color_if_tty && isatty (STDOUT_FILENO))); if (print_with_color) { /* Don't use TAB characters in output. Some terminal emulators can't handle the combination of tabs and color codes on the same line. */ tabsize = 0; } break; } case INDICATOR_STYLE_OPTION: indicator_style = XARGMATCH ("--indicator-style", optarg, indicator_style_args, indicator_style_types); break; case QUOTING_STYLE_OPTION: set_quoting_style (NULL, XARGMATCH ("--quoting-style", optarg, quoting_style_args, quoting_style_vals)); break; case TIME_STYLE_OPTION: time_style_option = optarg; break; case SHOW_CONTROL_CHARS_OPTION: qmark_funny_chars = false; break; case BLOCK_SIZE_OPTION: { enum strtol_error e = human_options (optarg, &human_output_opts, &output_block_size); if (e != LONGINT_OK) xstrtol_fatal (e, oi, 0, long_options, optarg); file_human_output_opts = human_output_opts; file_output_block_size = output_block_size; } break; case SI_OPTION: file_human_output_opts = human_output_opts = human_autoscale | human_SI; file_output_block_size = output_block_size = 1; break; case 'Z': print_scontext = true; break; case_GETOPT_HELP_CHAR; case_GETOPT_VERSION_CHAR (PROGRAM_NAME, AUTHORS); default: usage (LS_FAILURE); } } if (! output_block_size) { char const *ls_block_size = getenv ("LS_BLOCK_SIZE"); human_options (ls_block_size, &human_output_opts, &output_block_size); if (ls_block_size || getenv ("BLOCK_SIZE")) { file_human_output_opts = human_output_opts; file_output_block_size = output_block_size; } if (kibibytes_specified) { human_output_opts = 0; output_block_size = 1024; } } /* Determine the max possible number of display columns. */ max_idx = line_length / MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH; /* Account for first display column not having a separator, or line_lengths shorter than MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH. */ max_idx += line_length % MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH != 0; filename_quoting_options = clone_quoting_options (NULL); if (get_quoting_style (filename_quoting_options) == escape_quoting_style) set_char_quoting (filename_quoting_options, ' ', 1); if (file_type <= indicator_style) { char const *p; for (p = &"*=>@|"[indicator_style - file_type]; *p; p++) set_char_quoting (filename_quoting_options, *p, 1); } dirname_quoting_options = clone_quoting_options (NULL); set_char_quoting (dirname_quoting_options, ':', 1); /* --dired is meaningful only with --format=long (-l). Otherwise, ignore it. FIXME: warn about this? Alternatively, make --dired imply --format=long? */ if (dired && format != long_format) dired = false; /* If -c or -u is specified and not -l (or any other option that implies -l), and no sort-type was specified, then sort by the ctime (-c) or atime (-u). The behavior of ls when using either -c or -u but with neither -l nor -t appears to be unspecified by POSIX. So, with GNU ls, '-u' alone means sort by atime (this is the one that's not specified by the POSIX spec), -lu means show atime and sort by name, -lut means show atime and sort by atime. */ if ((time_type == time_ctime || time_type == time_atime) && !sort_type_specified && format != long_format) { sort_type = sort_time; } if (format == long_format) { char *style = time_style_option; static char const posix_prefix[] = "posix-"; if (! style) if (! (style = getenv ("TIME_STYLE"))) style = bad_cast ("locale"); while (STREQ_LEN (style, posix_prefix, sizeof posix_prefix - 1)) { if (! hard_locale (LC_TIME)) return optind; style += sizeof posix_prefix - 1; } if (*style == '+') { char *p0 = style + 1; char *p1 = strchr (p0, '\n'); if (! p1) p1 = p0; else { if (strchr (p1 + 1, '\n')) error (LS_FAILURE, 0, _("invalid time style format %s"), quote (p0)); *p1++ = '\0'; } long_time_format[0] = p0; long_time_format[1] = p1; } else { ptrdiff_t res = argmatch (style, time_style_args, (char const *) time_style_types, sizeof (*time_style_types)); if (res < 0) { /* This whole block used to be a simple use of XARGMATCH. but that didn't print the "posix-"-prefixed variants or the "+"-prefixed format string option upon failure. */ argmatch_invalid ("time style", style, res); /* The following is a manual expansion of argmatch_valid, but with the added "+ ..." description and the [posix-] prefixes prepended. Note that this simplification works only because all four existing time_style_types values are distinct. */ fputs (_("Valid arguments are:\n"), stderr); char const *const *p = time_style_args; while (*p) fprintf (stderr, " - [posix-]%s\n", *p++); fputs (_(" - +FORMAT (e.g., +%H:%M) for a 'date'-style" " format\n"), stderr); usage (LS_FAILURE); } switch (res) { case full_iso_time_style: long_time_format[0] = long_time_format[1] = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%N %z"; break; case long_iso_time_style: long_time_format[0] = long_time_format[1] = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M"; break; case iso_time_style: long_time_format[0] = "%Y-%m-%d "; long_time_format[1] = "%m-%d %H:%M"; break; case locale_time_style: if (hard_locale (LC_TIME)) { int i; for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) long_time_format[i] = dcgettext (NULL, long_time_format[i], LC_TIME); } } } /* Note we leave %5b etc. alone so user widths/flags are honored. */ if (strstr (long_time_format[0], "%b") || strstr (long_time_format[1], "%b")) if (!abmon_init ()) error (0, 0, _("error initializing month strings")); } return optind; } /* Parse a string as part of the LS_COLORS variable; this may involve decoding all kinds of escape characters. If equals_end is set an unescaped equal sign ends the string, otherwise only a : or \0 does. Set *OUTPUT_COUNT to the number of bytes output. Return true if successful. The resulting string is *not* null-terminated, but may contain embedded nulls. Note that both dest and src are char **; on return they point to the first free byte after the array and the character that ended the input string, respectively. */ static bool get_funky_string (char **dest, const char **src, bool equals_end, size_t *output_count) { char num; /* For numerical codes */ size_t count; /* Something to count with */ enum { ST_GND, ST_BACKSLASH, ST_OCTAL, ST_HEX, ST_CARET, ST_END, ST_ERROR } state; const char *p; char *q; p = *src; /* We don't want to double-indirect */ q = *dest; /* the whole darn time. */ count = 0; /* No characters counted in yet. */ num = 0; state = ST_GND; /* Start in ground state. */ while (state < ST_END) { switch (state) { case ST_GND: /* Ground state (no escapes) */ switch (*p) { case ':': case '\0': state = ST_END; /* End of string */ break; case '\\': state = ST_BACKSLASH; /* Backslash scape sequence */ ++p; break; case '^': state = ST_CARET; /* Caret escape */ ++p; break; case '=': if (equals_end) { state = ST_END; /* End */ break; } /* else fall through */ default: *(q++) = *(p++); ++count; break; } break; case ST_BACKSLASH: /* Backslash escaped character */ switch (*p) { case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': state = ST_OCTAL; /* Octal sequence */ num = *p - '0'; break; case 'x': case 'X': state = ST_HEX; /* Hex sequence */ num = 0; break; case 'a': /* Bell */ num = '\a'; break; case 'b': /* Backspace */ num = '\b'; break; case 'e': /* Escape */ num = 27; break; case 'f': /* Form feed */ num = '\f'; break; case 'n': /* Newline */ num = '\n'; break; case 'r': /* Carriage return */ num = '\r'; break; case 't': /* Tab */ num = '\t'; break; case 'v': /* Vtab */ num = '\v'; break; case '?': /* Delete */ num = 127; break; case '_': /* Space */ num = ' '; break; case '\0': /* End of string */ state = ST_ERROR; /* Error! */ break; default: /* Escaped character like \ ^ : = */ num = *p; break; } if (state == ST_BACKSLASH) { *(q++) = num; ++count; state = ST_GND; } ++p; break; case ST_OCTAL: /* Octal sequence */ if (*p < '0' || *p > '7') { *(q++) = num; ++count; state = ST_GND; } else num = (num << 3) + (*(p++) - '0'); break; case ST_HEX: /* Hex sequence */ switch (*p) { case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': num = (num << 4) + (*(p++) - '0'); break; case 'a': case 'b': case 'c': case 'd': case 'e': case 'f': num = (num << 4) + (*(p++) - 'a') + 10; break; case 'A': case 'B': case 'C': case 'D': case 'E': case 'F': num = (num << 4) + (*(p++) - 'A') + 10; break; default: *(q++) = num; ++count; state = ST_GND; break; } break; case ST_CARET: /* Caret escape */ state = ST_GND; /* Should be the next state... */ if (*p >= '@' && *p <= '~') { *(q++) = *(p++) & 037; ++count; } else if (*p == '?') { *(q++) = 127; ++count; } else state = ST_ERROR; break; default: abort (); } } *dest = q; *src = p; *output_count = count; return state != ST_ERROR; } enum parse_state { PS_START = 1, PS_2, PS_3, PS_4, PS_DONE, PS_FAIL }; /* Check if the content of TERM is a valid name in dircolors. */ static bool known_term_type (void) { char const *term = getenv ("TERM"); if (! term || ! *term) return false; char const *line = G_line; while (line - G_line < sizeof (G_line)) { if (STRNCMP_LIT (line, "TERM ") == 0) { if (fnmatch (line + 5, term, 0) == 0) return true; } line += strlen (line) + 1; } return false; } static void parse_ls_color (void) { const char *p; /* Pointer to character being parsed */ char *buf; /* color_buf buffer pointer */ int ind_no; /* Indicator number */ char label[3]; /* Indicator label */ struct color_ext_type *ext; /* Extension we are working on */ if ((p = getenv ("LS_COLORS")) == NULL || *p == '\0') { /* LS_COLORS takes precedence, but if that's not set then honor the COLORTERM and TERM env variables so that we only go with the internal ANSI color codes if the former is non empty or the latter is set to a known value. */ char const *colorterm = getenv ("COLORTERM"); if (! (colorterm && *colorterm) && ! known_term_type ()) print_with_color = false; return; } ext = NULL; strcpy (label, "??"); /* This is an overly conservative estimate, but any possible LS_COLORS string will *not* generate a color_buf longer than itself, so it is a safe way of allocating a buffer in advance. */ buf = color_buf = xstrdup (p); enum parse_state state = PS_START; while (true) { switch (state) { case PS_START: /* First label character */ switch (*p) { case ':': ++p; break; case '*': /* Allocate new extension block and add to head of linked list (this way a later definition will override an earlier one, which can be useful for having terminal-specific defs override global). */ ext = xmalloc (sizeof *ext); ext->next = color_ext_list; color_ext_list = ext; ++p; ext->ext.string = buf; state = (get_funky_string (&buf, &p, true, &ext->ext.len) ? PS_4 : PS_FAIL); break; case '\0': state = PS_DONE; /* Done! */ goto done; default: /* Assume it is file type label */ label[0] = *(p++); state = PS_2; break; } break; case PS_2: /* Second label character */ if (*p) { label[1] = *(p++); state = PS_3; } else state = PS_FAIL; /* Error */ break; case PS_3: /* Equal sign after indicator label */ state = PS_FAIL; /* Assume failure... */ if (*(p++) == '=')/* It *should* be... */ { for (ind_no = 0; indicator_name[ind_no] != NULL; ++ind_no) { if (STREQ (label, indicator_name[ind_no])) { color_indicator[ind_no].string = buf; state = (get_funky_string (&buf, &p, false, &color_indicator[ind_no].len) ? PS_START : PS_FAIL); break; } } if (state == PS_FAIL) error (0, 0, _("unrecognized prefix: %s"), quote (label)); } break; case PS_4: /* Equal sign after *.ext */ if (*(p++) == '=') { ext->seq.string = buf; state = (get_funky_string (&buf, &p, false, &ext->seq.len) ? PS_START : PS_FAIL); } else state = PS_FAIL; break; case PS_FAIL: goto done; default: abort (); } } done: if (state == PS_FAIL) { struct color_ext_type *e; struct color_ext_type *e2; error (0, 0, _("unparsable value for LS_COLORS environment variable")); free (color_buf); for (e = color_ext_list; e != NULL; /* empty */) { e2 = e; e = e->next; free (e2); } print_with_color = false; } if (color_indicator[C_LINK].len == 6 && !STRNCMP_LIT (color_indicator[C_LINK].string, "target")) color_symlink_as_referent = true; } /* Set the quoting style default if the environment variable QUOTING_STYLE is set. */ static void getenv_quoting_style (void) { char const *q_style = getenv ("QUOTING_STYLE"); if (q_style) { int i = ARGMATCH (q_style, quoting_style_args, quoting_style_vals); if (0 <= i) set_quoting_style (NULL, quoting_style_vals[i]); else error (0, 0, _("ignoring invalid value of environment variable QUOTING_STYLE: %s"), quote (q_style)); } } /* Set the exit status to report a failure. If SERIOUS, it is a serious failure; otherwise, it is merely a minor problem. */ static void set_exit_status (bool serious) { if (serious) exit_status = LS_FAILURE; else if (exit_status == EXIT_SUCCESS) exit_status = LS_MINOR_PROBLEM; } /* Assuming a failure is serious if SERIOUS, use the printf-style MESSAGE to report the failure to access a file named FILE. Assume errno is set appropriately for the failure. */ static void file_failure (bool serious, char const *message, char const *file) { error (0, errno, message, quoteaf (file)); set_exit_status (serious); } /* Request that the directory named NAME have its contents listed later. If REALNAME is nonzero, it will be used instead of NAME when the directory name is printed. This allows symbolic links to directories to be treated as regular directories but still be listed under their real names. NAME == NULL is used to insert a marker entry for the directory named in REALNAME. If NAME is non-NULL, we use its dev/ino information to save a call to stat -- when doing a recursive (-R) traversal. COMMAND_LINE_ARG means this directory was mentioned on the command line. */ static void queue_directory (char const *name, char const *realname, bool command_line_arg) { struct pending *new = xmalloc (sizeof *new); new->realname = realname ? xstrdup (realname) : NULL; new->name = name ? xstrdup (name) : NULL; new->command_line_arg = command_line_arg; new->next = pending_dirs; pending_dirs = new; } /* Read directory NAME, and list the files in it. If REALNAME is nonzero, print its name instead of NAME; this is used for symbolic links to directories. COMMAND_LINE_ARG means this directory was mentioned on the command line. */ static void print_dir (char const *name, char const *realname, bool command_line_arg) { DIR *dirp; struct dirent *next; uintmax_t total_blocks = 0; static bool first = true; errno = 0; dirp = opendir (name); if (!dirp) { file_failure (command_line_arg, _("cannot open directory %s"), name); return; } if (LOOP_DETECT) { struct stat dir_stat; int fd = dirfd (dirp); /* If dirfd failed, endure the overhead of using stat. */ if ((0 <= fd ? fstat (fd, &dir_stat) : stat (name, &dir_stat)) < 0) { file_failure (command_line_arg, _("cannot determine device and inode of %s"), name); closedir (dirp); return; } /* If we've already visited this dev/inode pair, warn that we've found a loop, and do not process this directory. */ if (visit_dir (dir_stat.st_dev, dir_stat.st_ino)) { error (0, 0, _("%s: not listing already-listed directory"), quotef (name)); closedir (dirp); set_exit_status (true); return; } dev_ino_push (dir_stat.st_dev, dir_stat.st_ino); } if (recursive || print_dir_name) { if (!first) DIRED_PUTCHAR ('\n'); first = false; DIRED_INDENT (); PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS (&subdired_obstack); dired_pos += quote_name (stdout, realname ? realname : name, dirname_quoting_options, NULL); PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS (&subdired_obstack); DIRED_FPUTS_LITERAL (":\n", stdout); } /* Read the directory entries, and insert the subfiles into the 'cwd_file' table. */ clear_files (); while (1) { /* Set errno to zero so we can distinguish between a readdir failure and when readdir simply finds that there are no more entries. */ errno = 0; next = readdir (dirp); if (next) { if (! file_ignored (next->d_name)) { enum filetype type = unknown; #if HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_TYPE switch (next->d_type) { case DT_BLK: type = blockdev; break; case DT_CHR: type = chardev; break; case DT_DIR: type = directory; break; case DT_FIFO: type = fifo; break; case DT_LNK: type = symbolic_link; break; case DT_REG: type = normal; break; case DT_SOCK: type = sock; break; # ifdef DT_WHT case DT_WHT: type = whiteout; break; # endif } #endif total_blocks += gobble_file (next->d_name, type, RELIABLE_D_INO (next), false, name); /* In this narrow case, print out each name right away, so ls uses constant memory while processing the entries of this directory. Useful when there are many (millions) of entries in a directory. */ if (format == one_per_line && sort_type == sort_none && !print_block_size && !recursive) { /* We must call sort_files in spite of "sort_type == sort_none" for its initialization of the sorted_file vector. */ sort_files (); print_current_files (); clear_files (); } } } else if (errno != 0) { file_failure (command_line_arg, _("reading directory %s"), name); if (errno != EOVERFLOW) break; } else break; /* When processing a very large directory, and since we've inhibited interrupts, this loop would take so long that ls would be annoyingly uninterruptible. This ensures that it handles signals promptly. */ process_signals (); } if (closedir (dirp) != 0) { file_failure (command_line_arg, _("closing directory %s"), name); /* Don't return; print whatever we got. */ } /* Sort the directory contents. */ sort_files (); /* If any member files are subdirectories, perhaps they should have their contents listed rather than being mentioned here as files. */ if (recursive) extract_dirs_from_files (name, false); if (format == long_format || print_block_size) { const char *p; char buf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1]; DIRED_INDENT (); p = _("total"); DIRED_FPUTS (p, stdout, strlen (p)); DIRED_PUTCHAR (' '); p = human_readable (total_blocks, buf, human_output_opts, ST_NBLOCKSIZE, output_block_size); DIRED_FPUTS (p, stdout, strlen (p)); DIRED_PUTCHAR ('\n'); } if (cwd_n_used) print_current_files (); } /* Add 'pattern' to the list of patterns for which files that match are not listed. */ static void add_ignore_pattern (const char *pattern) { struct ignore_pattern *ignore; ignore = xmalloc (sizeof *ignore); ignore->pattern = pattern; /* Add it to the head of the linked list. */ ignore->next = ignore_patterns; ignore_patterns = ignore; } /* Return true if one of the PATTERNS matches FILE. */ static bool patterns_match (struct ignore_pattern const *patterns, char const *file) { struct ignore_pattern const *p; for (p = patterns; p; p = p->next) if (fnmatch (p->pattern, file, FNM_PERIOD) == 0) return true; return false; } /* Return true if FILE should be ignored. */ static bool file_ignored (char const *name) { return ((ignore_mode != IGNORE_MINIMAL && name[0] == '.' && (ignore_mode == IGNORE_DEFAULT || ! name[1 + (name[1] == '.')])) || (ignore_mode == IGNORE_DEFAULT && patterns_match (hide_patterns, name)) || patterns_match (ignore_patterns, name)); } /* POSIX requires that a file size be printed without a sign, even when negative. Assume the typical case where negative sizes are actually positive values that have wrapped around. */ static uintmax_t unsigned_file_size (off_t size) { return size + (size < 0) * ((uintmax_t) OFF_T_MAX - OFF_T_MIN + 1); } #ifdef HAVE_CAP /* Return true if NAME has a capability (see linux/capability.h) */ static bool has_capability (char const *name) { char *result; bool has_cap; cap_t cap_d = cap_get_file (name); if (cap_d == NULL) return false; result = cap_to_text (cap_d, NULL); cap_free (cap_d); if (!result) return false; /* check if human-readable capability string is empty */ has_cap = !!*result; cap_free (result); return has_cap; } #else static bool has_capability (char const *name _GL_UNUSED) { errno = ENOTSUP; return false; } #endif /* Enter and remove entries in the table 'cwd_file'. */ static void free_ent (struct fileinfo *f) { free (f->name); free (f->linkname); if (f->scontext != UNKNOWN_SECURITY_CONTEXT) { if (is_smack_enabled ()) free (f->scontext); else freecon (f->scontext); } } /* Empty the table of files. */ static void clear_files (void) { size_t i; for (i = 0; i < cwd_n_used; i++) { struct fileinfo *f = sorted_file[i]; free_ent (f); } cwd_n_used = 0; any_has_acl = false; inode_number_width = 0; block_size_width = 0; nlink_width = 0; owner_width = 0; group_width = 0; author_width = 0; scontext_width = 0; major_device_number_width = 0; minor_device_number_width = 0; file_size_width = 0; } /* Return true if ERR implies lack-of-support failure by a getxattr-calling function like getfilecon or file_has_acl. */ static bool errno_unsupported (int err) { return (err == EINVAL || err == ENOSYS || is_ENOTSUP (err)); } /* Cache *getfilecon failure, when it's trivial to do so. Like getfilecon/lgetfilecon, but when F's st_dev says it's doesn't support getting the security context, fail with ENOTSUP immediately. */ static int getfilecon_cache (char const *file, struct fileinfo *f, bool deref) { /* st_dev of the most recently processed device for which we've found that [l]getfilecon fails indicating lack of support. */ static dev_t unsupported_device; if (f->stat.st_dev == unsupported_device) { errno = ENOTSUP; return -1; } int r = 0; #ifdef HAVE_SMACK if (is_smack_enabled ()) r = smack_new_label_from_path (file, "security.SMACK64", deref, &f->scontext); else #endif r = (deref ? getfilecon (file, &f->scontext) : lgetfilecon (file, &f->scontext)); if (r < 0 && errno_unsupported (errno)) unsupported_device = f->stat.st_dev; return r; } /* Cache file_has_acl failure, when it's trivial to do. Like file_has_acl, but when F's st_dev says it's on a file system lacking ACL support, return 0 with ENOTSUP immediately. */ static int file_has_acl_cache (char const *file, struct fileinfo *f) { /* st_dev of the most recently processed device for which we've found that file_has_acl fails indicating lack of support. */ static dev_t unsupported_device; if (f->stat.st_dev == unsupported_device) { errno = ENOTSUP; return 0; } /* Zero errno so that we can distinguish between two 0-returning cases: "has-ACL-support, but only a default ACL" and "no ACL support". */ errno = 0; int n = file_has_acl (file, &f->stat); if (n <= 0 && errno_unsupported (errno)) unsupported_device = f->stat.st_dev; return n; } /* Cache has_capability failure, when it's trivial to do. Like has_capability, but when F's st_dev says it's on a file system lacking capability support, return 0 with ENOTSUP immediately. */ static bool has_capability_cache (char const *file, struct fileinfo *f) { /* st_dev of the most recently processed device for which we've found that has_capability fails indicating lack of support. */ static dev_t unsupported_device; if (f->stat.st_dev == unsupported_device) { errno = ENOTSUP; return 0; } bool b = has_capability (file); if ( !b && errno_unsupported (errno)) unsupported_device = f->stat.st_dev; return b; } /* Add a file to the current table of files. Verify that the file exists, and print an error message if it does not. Return the number of blocks that the file occupies. */ static uintmax_t gobble_file (char const *name, enum filetype type, ino_t inode, bool command_line_arg, char const *dirname) { uintmax_t blocks = 0; struct fileinfo *f; /* An inode value prior to gobble_file necessarily came from readdir, which is not used for command line arguments. */ assert (! command_line_arg || inode == NOT_AN_INODE_NUMBER); if (cwd_n_used == cwd_n_alloc) { cwd_file = xnrealloc (cwd_file, cwd_n_alloc, 2 * sizeof *cwd_file); cwd_n_alloc *= 2; } f = &cwd_file[cwd_n_used]; memset (f, '\0', sizeof *f); f->stat.st_ino = inode; f->filetype = type; if (command_line_arg || format_needs_stat /* When coloring a directory (we may know the type from direct.d_type), we have to stat it in order to indicate sticky and/or other-writable attributes. */ || (type == directory && print_with_color && (is_colored (C_OTHER_WRITABLE) || is_colored (C_STICKY) || is_colored (C_STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE))) /* When dereferencing symlinks, the inode and type must come from stat, but readdir provides the inode and type of lstat. */ || ((print_inode || format_needs_type) && (type == symbolic_link || type == unknown) && (dereference == DEREF_ALWAYS || color_symlink_as_referent || check_symlink_color)) /* Command line dereferences are already taken care of by the above assertion that the inode number is not yet known. */ || (print_inode && inode == NOT_AN_INODE_NUMBER) || (format_needs_type && (type == unknown || command_line_arg /* --indicator-style=classify (aka -F) requires that we stat each regular file to see if it's executable. */ || (type == normal && (indicator_style == classify /* This is so that --color ends up highlighting files with these mode bits set even when options like -F are not specified. Note we do a redundant stat in the very unlikely case where C_CAP is set but not the others. */ || (print_with_color && (is_colored (C_EXEC) || is_colored (C_SETUID) || is_colored (C_SETGID) || is_colored (C_CAP))) ))))) { /* Absolute name of this file. */ char *absolute_name; bool do_deref; int err; if (name[0] == '/' || dirname[0] == 0) absolute_name = (char *) name; else { absolute_name = alloca (strlen (name) + strlen (dirname) + 2); attach (absolute_name, dirname, name); } switch (dereference) { case DEREF_ALWAYS: err = stat (absolute_name, &f->stat); do_deref = true; break; case DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS: case DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR: if (command_line_arg) { bool need_lstat; err = stat (absolute_name, &f->stat); do_deref = true; if (dereference == DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_ARGUMENTS) break; need_lstat = (err < 0 ? errno == ENOENT : ! S_ISDIR (f->stat.st_mode)); if (!need_lstat) break; /* stat failed because of ENOENT, maybe indicating a dangling symlink. Or stat succeeded, ABSOLUTE_NAME does not refer to a directory, and --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir is in effect. Fall through so that we call lstat instead. */ } default: /* DEREF_NEVER */ err = lstat (absolute_name, &f->stat); do_deref = false; break; } if (err != 0) { /* Failure to stat a command line argument leads to an exit status of 2. For other files, stat failure provokes an exit status of 1. */ file_failure (command_line_arg, _("cannot access %s"), absolute_name); if (command_line_arg) return 0; f->name = xstrdup (name); cwd_n_used++; return 0; } f->stat_ok = true; /* Note has_capability() adds around 30% runtime to 'ls --color' */ if ((type == normal || S_ISREG (f->stat.st_mode)) && print_with_color && is_colored (C_CAP)) f->has_capability = has_capability_cache (absolute_name, f); if (format == long_format || print_scontext) { bool have_scontext = false; bool have_acl = false; int attr_len = getfilecon_cache (absolute_name, f, do_deref); err = (attr_len < 0); if (err == 0) { if (is_smack_enabled ()) have_scontext = ! STREQ ("_", f->scontext); else have_scontext = ! STREQ ("unlabeled", f->scontext); } else { f->scontext = UNKNOWN_SECURITY_CONTEXT; /* When requesting security context information, don't make ls fail just because the file (even a command line argument) isn't on the right type of file system. I.e., a getfilecon failure isn't in the same class as a stat failure. */ if (is_ENOTSUP (errno) || errno == ENODATA) err = 0; } if (err == 0 && format == long_format) { int n = file_has_acl_cache (absolute_name, f); err = (n < 0); have_acl = (0 < n); } f->acl_type = (!have_scontext && !have_acl ? ACL_T_NONE : (have_scontext && !have_acl ? ACL_T_LSM_CONTEXT_ONLY : ACL_T_YES)); any_has_acl |= f->acl_type != ACL_T_NONE; if (err) error (0, errno, "%s", quotef (absolute_name)); } if (S_ISLNK (f->stat.st_mode) && (format == long_format || check_symlink_color)) { struct stat linkstats; get_link_name (absolute_name, f, command_line_arg); char *linkname = make_link_name (absolute_name, f->linkname); /* Avoid following symbolic links when possible, ie, when they won't be traced and when no indicator is needed. */ if (linkname && (file_type <= indicator_style || check_symlink_color) && stat (linkname, &linkstats) == 0) { f->linkok = true; /* Symbolic links to directories that are mentioned on the command line are automatically traced if not being listed as files. */ if (!command_line_arg || format == long_format || !S_ISDIR (linkstats.st_mode)) { /* Get the linked-to file's mode for the filetype indicator in long listings. */ f->linkmode = linkstats.st_mode; } } free (linkname); } if (S_ISLNK (f->stat.st_mode)) f->filetype = symbolic_link; else if (S_ISDIR (f->stat.st_mode)) { if (command_line_arg && !immediate_dirs) f->filetype = arg_directory; else f->filetype = directory; } else f->filetype = normal; blocks = ST_NBLOCKS (f->stat); if (format == long_format || print_block_size) { char buf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1]; int len = mbswidth (human_readable (blocks, buf, human_output_opts, ST_NBLOCKSIZE, output_block_size), 0); if (block_size_width < len) block_size_width = len; } if (format == long_format) { if (print_owner) { int len = format_user_width (f->stat.st_uid); if (owner_width < len) owner_width = len; } if (print_group) { int len = format_group_width (f->stat.st_gid); if (group_width < len) group_width = len; } if (print_author) { int len = format_user_width (f->stat.st_author); if (author_width < len) author_width = len; } } if (print_scontext) { int len = strlen (f->scontext); if (scontext_width < len) scontext_width = len; } if (format == long_format) { char b[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)]; int b_len = strlen (umaxtostr (f->stat.st_nlink, b)); if (nlink_width < b_len) nlink_width = b_len; if (S_ISCHR (f->stat.st_mode) || S_ISBLK (f->stat.st_mode)) { char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)]; int len = strlen (umaxtostr (major (f->stat.st_rdev), buf)); if (major_device_number_width < len) major_device_number_width = len; len = strlen (umaxtostr (minor (f->stat.st_rdev), buf)); if (minor_device_number_width < len) minor_device_number_width = len; len = major_device_number_width + 2 + minor_device_number_width; if (file_size_width < len) file_size_width = len; } else { char buf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1]; uintmax_t size = unsigned_file_size (f->stat.st_size); int len = mbswidth (human_readable (size, buf, file_human_output_opts, 1, file_output_block_size), 0); if (file_size_width < len) file_size_width = len; } } } if (print_inode) { char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)]; int len = strlen (umaxtostr (f->stat.st_ino, buf)); if (inode_number_width < len) inode_number_width = len; } f->name = xstrdup (name); cwd_n_used++; return blocks; } /* Return true if F refers to a directory. */ static bool is_directory (const struct fileinfo *f) { return f->filetype == directory || f->filetype == arg_directory; } /* Put the name of the file that FILENAME is a symbolic link to into the LINKNAME field of 'f'. COMMAND_LINE_ARG indicates whether FILENAME is a command-line argument. */ static void get_link_name (char const *filename, struct fileinfo *f, bool command_line_arg) { f->linkname = areadlink_with_size (filename, f->stat.st_size); if (f->linkname == NULL) file_failure (command_line_arg, _("cannot read symbolic link %s"), filename); } /* If LINKNAME is a relative name and NAME contains one or more leading directories, return LINKNAME with those directories prepended; otherwise, return a copy of LINKNAME. If LINKNAME is NULL, return NULL. */ static char * make_link_name (char const *name, char const *linkname) { if (!linkname) return NULL; if (IS_ABSOLUTE_FILE_NAME (linkname)) return xstrdup (linkname); /* The link is to a relative name. Prepend any leading directory in 'name' to the link name. */ size_t prefix_len = dir_len (name); if (prefix_len == 0) return xstrdup (linkname); char *p = xmalloc (prefix_len + 1 + strlen (linkname) + 1); /* PREFIX_LEN usually specifies a string not ending in slash. In that case, extend it by one, since the next byte *is* a slash. Otherwise, the prefix is "/", so leave the length unchanged. */ if ( ! ISSLASH (name[prefix_len - 1])) ++prefix_len; stpcpy (stpncpy (p, name, prefix_len), linkname); return p; } /* Return true if the last component of NAME is '.' or '..' This is so we don't try to recurse on '././././. ...' */ static bool basename_is_dot_or_dotdot (const char *name) { char const *base = last_component (name); return dot_or_dotdot (base); } /* Remove any entries from CWD_FILE that are for directories, and queue them to be listed as directories instead. DIRNAME is the prefix to prepend to each dirname to make it correct relative to ls's working dir; if it is null, no prefix is needed and "." and ".." should not be ignored. If COMMAND_LINE_ARG is true, this directory was mentioned at the top level, This is desirable when processing directories recursively. */ static void extract_dirs_from_files (char const *dirname, bool command_line_arg) { size_t i; size_t j; bool ignore_dot_and_dot_dot = (dirname != NULL); if (dirname && LOOP_DETECT) { /* Insert a marker entry first. When we dequeue this marker entry, we'll know that DIRNAME has been processed and may be removed from the set of active directories. */ queue_directory (NULL, dirname, false); } /* Queue the directories last one first, because queueing reverses the order. */ for (i = cwd_n_used; i-- != 0; ) { struct fileinfo *f = sorted_file[i]; if (is_directory (f) && (! ignore_dot_and_dot_dot || ! basename_is_dot_or_dotdot (f->name))) { if (!dirname || f->name[0] == '/') queue_directory (f->name, f->linkname, command_line_arg); else { char *name = file_name_concat (dirname, f->name, NULL); queue_directory (name, f->linkname, command_line_arg); free (name); } if (f->filetype == arg_directory) free_ent (f); } } /* Now delete the directories from the table, compacting all the remaining entries. */ for (i = 0, j = 0; i < cwd_n_used; i++) { struct fileinfo *f = sorted_file[i]; sorted_file[j] = f; j += (f->filetype != arg_directory); } cwd_n_used = j; } /* Use strcoll to compare strings in this locale. If an error occurs, report an error and longjmp to failed_strcoll. */ static jmp_buf failed_strcoll; static int xstrcoll (char const *a, char const *b) { int diff; errno = 0; diff = strcoll (a, b); if (errno) { error (0, errno, _("cannot compare file names %s and %s"), quote_n (0, a), quote_n (1, b)); set_exit_status (false); longjmp (failed_strcoll, 1); } return diff; } /* Comparison routines for sorting the files. */ typedef void const *V; typedef int (*qsortFunc)(V a, V b); /* Used below in DEFINE_SORT_FUNCTIONS for _df_ sort function variants. The do { ... } while(0) makes it possible to use the macro more like a statement, without violating C89 rules: */ #define DIRFIRST_CHECK(a, b) \ do \ { \ bool a_is_dir = is_directory ((struct fileinfo const *) a); \ bool b_is_dir = is_directory ((struct fileinfo const *) b); \ if (a_is_dir && !b_is_dir) \ return -1; /* a goes before b */ \ if (!a_is_dir && b_is_dir) \ return 1; /* b goes before a */ \ } \ while (0) /* Define the 8 different sort function variants required for each sortkey. KEY_NAME is a token describing the sort key, e.g., ctime, atime, size. KEY_CMP_FUNC is a function to compare records based on that key, e.g., ctime_cmp, atime_cmp, size_cmp. Append KEY_NAME to the string, '[rev_][x]str{cmp|coll}[_df]_', to create each function name. */ #define DEFINE_SORT_FUNCTIONS(key_name, key_cmp_func) \ /* direct, non-dirfirst versions */ \ static int xstrcoll_##key_name (V a, V b) \ { return key_cmp_func (a, b, xstrcoll); } \ static int strcmp_##key_name (V a, V b) \ { return key_cmp_func (a, b, strcmp); } \ \ /* reverse, non-dirfirst versions */ \ static int rev_xstrcoll_##key_name (V a, V b) \ { return key_cmp_func (b, a, xstrcoll); } \ static int rev_strcmp_##key_name (V a, V b) \ { return key_cmp_func (b, a, strcmp); } \ \ /* direct, dirfirst versions */ \ static int xstrcoll_df_##key_name (V a, V b) \ { DIRFIRST_CHECK (a, b); return key_cmp_func (a, b, xstrcoll); } \ static int strcmp_df_##key_name (V a, V b) \ { DIRFIRST_CHECK (a, b); return key_cmp_func (a, b, strcmp); } \ \ /* reverse, dirfirst versions */ \ static int rev_xstrcoll_df_##key_name (V a, V b) \ { DIRFIRST_CHECK (a, b); return key_cmp_func (b, a, xstrcoll); } \ static int rev_strcmp_df_##key_name (V a, V b) \ { DIRFIRST_CHECK (a, b); return key_cmp_func (b, a, strcmp); } static inline int cmp_ctime (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b, int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *)) { int diff = timespec_cmp (get_stat_ctime (&b->stat), get_stat_ctime (&a->stat)); return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name); } static inline int cmp_mtime (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b, int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *)) { int diff = timespec_cmp (get_stat_mtime (&b->stat), get_stat_mtime (&a->stat)); return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name); } static inline int cmp_atime (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b, int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *)) { int diff = timespec_cmp (get_stat_atime (&b->stat), get_stat_atime (&a->stat)); return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name); } static inline int cmp_size (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b, int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *)) { int diff = longdiff (b->stat.st_size, a->stat.st_size); return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name); } static inline int cmp_name (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b, int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *)) { return cmp (a->name, b->name); } /* Compare file extensions. Files with no extension are 'smallest'. If extensions are the same, compare by filenames instead. */ static inline int cmp_extension (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b, int (*cmp) (char const *, char const *)) { char const *base1 = strrchr (a->name, '.'); char const *base2 = strrchr (b->name, '.'); int diff = cmp (base1 ? base1 : "", base2 ? base2 : ""); return diff ? diff : cmp (a->name, b->name); } DEFINE_SORT_FUNCTIONS (ctime, cmp_ctime) DEFINE_SORT_FUNCTIONS (mtime, cmp_mtime) DEFINE_SORT_FUNCTIONS (atime, cmp_atime) DEFINE_SORT_FUNCTIONS (size, cmp_size) DEFINE_SORT_FUNCTIONS (name, cmp_name) DEFINE_SORT_FUNCTIONS (extension, cmp_extension) /* Compare file versions. Unlike all other compare functions above, cmp_version depends only on filevercmp, which does not fail (even for locale reasons), and does not need a secondary sort key. See lib/filevercmp.h for function description. All the other sort options, in fact, need xstrcoll and strcmp variants, because they all use a string comparison (either as the primary or secondary sort key), and xstrcoll has the ability to do a longjmp if strcoll fails for locale reasons. Lastly, filevercmp is ALWAYS available with gnulib. */ static inline int cmp_version (struct fileinfo const *a, struct fileinfo const *b) { return filevercmp (a->name, b->name); } static int xstrcoll_version (V a, V b) { return cmp_version (a, b); } static int rev_xstrcoll_version (V a, V b) { return cmp_version (b, a); } static int xstrcoll_df_version (V a, V b) { DIRFIRST_CHECK (a, b); return cmp_version (a, b); } static int rev_xstrcoll_df_version (V a, V b) { DIRFIRST_CHECK (a, b); return cmp_version (b, a); } /* We have 2^3 different variants for each sort-key function (for 3 independent sort modes). The function pointers stored in this array must be dereferenced as: sort_variants[sort_key][use_strcmp][reverse][dirs_first] Note that the order in which sort keys are listed in the function pointer array below is defined by the order of the elements in the time_type and sort_type enums! */ #define LIST_SORTFUNCTION_VARIANTS(key_name) \ { \ { \ { xstrcoll_##key_name, xstrcoll_df_##key_name }, \ { rev_xstrcoll_##key_name, rev_xstrcoll_df_##key_name }, \ }, \ { \ { strcmp_##key_name, strcmp_df_##key_name }, \ { rev_strcmp_##key_name, rev_strcmp_df_##key_name }, \ } \ } static qsortFunc const sort_functions[][2][2][2] = { LIST_SORTFUNCTION_VARIANTS (name), LIST_SORTFUNCTION_VARIANTS (extension), LIST_SORTFUNCTION_VARIANTS (size), { { { xstrcoll_version, xstrcoll_df_version }, { rev_xstrcoll_version, rev_xstrcoll_df_version }, }, /* We use NULL for the strcmp variants of version comparison since as explained in cmp_version definition, version comparison does not rely on xstrcoll, so it will never longjmp, and never need to try the strcmp fallback. */ { { NULL, NULL }, { NULL, NULL }, } }, /* last are time sort functions */ LIST_SORTFUNCTION_VARIANTS (mtime), LIST_SORTFUNCTION_VARIANTS (ctime), LIST_SORTFUNCTION_VARIANTS (atime) }; /* The number of sort keys is calculated as the sum of the number of elements in the sort_type enum (i.e., sort_numtypes) the number of elements in the time_type enum (i.e., time_numtypes) - 1 This is because when sort_type==sort_time, we have up to time_numtypes possible sort keys. This line verifies at compile-time that the array of sort functions has been initialized for all possible sort keys. */ verify (ARRAY_CARDINALITY (sort_functions) == sort_numtypes + time_numtypes - 1 ); /* Set up SORTED_FILE to point to the in-use entries in CWD_FILE, in order. */ static void initialize_ordering_vector (void) { size_t i; for (i = 0; i < cwd_n_used; i++) sorted_file[i] = &cwd_file[i]; } /* Sort the files now in the table. */ static void sort_files (void) { bool use_strcmp; if (sorted_file_alloc < cwd_n_used + cwd_n_used / 2) { free (sorted_file); sorted_file = xnmalloc (cwd_n_used, 3 * sizeof *sorted_file); sorted_file_alloc = 3 * cwd_n_used; } initialize_ordering_vector (); if (sort_type == sort_none) return; /* Try strcoll. If it fails, fall back on strcmp. We can't safely ignore strcoll failures, as a failing strcoll might be a comparison function that is not a total order, and if we ignored the failure this might cause qsort to dump core. */ if (! setjmp (failed_strcoll)) use_strcmp = false; /* strcoll() succeeded */ else { use_strcmp = true; assert (sort_type != sort_version); initialize_ordering_vector (); } /* When sort_type == sort_time, use time_type as subindex. */ mpsort ((void const **) sorted_file, cwd_n_used, sort_functions[sort_type + (sort_type == sort_time ? time_type : 0)] [use_strcmp][sort_reverse] [directories_first]); } /* List all the files now in the table. */ static void print_current_files (void) { size_t i; switch (format) { case one_per_line: for (i = 0; i < cwd_n_used; i++) { print_file_name_and_frills (sorted_file[i], 0); putchar ('\n'); } break; case many_per_line: if (! line_length) print_with_separator (' '); else print_many_per_line (); break; case horizontal: if (! line_length) print_with_separator (' '); else print_horizontal (); break; case with_commas: print_with_separator (','); break; case long_format: for (i = 0; i < cwd_n_used; i++) { set_normal_color (); print_long_format (sorted_file[i]); DIRED_PUTCHAR ('\n'); } break; } } /* Replace the first %b with precomputed aligned month names. Note on glibc-2.7 at least, this speeds up the whole 'ls -lU' process by around 17%, compared to letting strftime() handle the %b. */ static size_t align_nstrftime (char *buf, size_t size, char const *fmt, struct tm const *tm, timezone_t tz, int ns) { const char *nfmt = fmt; /* In the unlikely event that rpl_fmt below is not large enough, the replacement is not done. A malloc here slows ls down by 2% */ char rpl_fmt[sizeof (abmon[0]) + 100]; const char *pb; if (required_mon_width && (pb = strstr (fmt, "%b")) && 0 <= tm->tm_mon && tm->tm_mon <= 11) { if (strlen (fmt) < (sizeof (rpl_fmt) - sizeof (abmon[0]) + 2)) { char *pfmt = rpl_fmt; nfmt = rpl_fmt; pfmt = mempcpy (pfmt, fmt, pb - fmt); pfmt = stpcpy (pfmt, abmon[tm->tm_mon]); strcpy (pfmt, pb + 2); } } size_t ret = nstrftime (buf, size, nfmt, tm, tz, ns); return ret; } /* Return the expected number of columns in a long-format time stamp, or zero if it cannot be calculated. */ static int long_time_expected_width (void) { static int width = -1; if (width < 0) { time_t epoch = 0; struct tm const *tm = localtime (&epoch); char buf[TIME_STAMP_LEN_MAXIMUM + 1]; /* In case you're wondering if localtime can fail with an input time_t value of 0, let's just say it's very unlikely, but not inconceivable. The TZ environment variable would have to specify a time zone that is 2**31-1900 years or more ahead of UTC. This could happen only on a 64-bit system that blindly accepts e.g., TZ=UTC+20000000000000. However, this is not possible with Solaris 10 or glibc-2.3.5, since their implementations limit the offset to 167:59 and 24:00, resp. */ if (tm) { size_t len = align_nstrftime (buf, sizeof buf, long_time_format[0], tm, localtz, 0); if (len != 0) width = mbsnwidth (buf, len, 0); } if (width < 0) width = 0; } return width; } /* Print the user or group name NAME, with numeric id ID, using a print width of WIDTH columns. */ static void format_user_or_group (char const *name, unsigned long int id, int width) { size_t len; if (name) { int width_gap = width - mbswidth (name, 0); int pad = MAX (0, width_gap); fputs (name, stdout); len = strlen (name) + pad; do putchar (' '); while (pad--); } else { printf ("%*lu ", width, id); len = width; } dired_pos += len + 1; } /* Print the name or id of the user with id U, using a print width of WIDTH. */ static void format_user (uid_t u, int width, bool stat_ok) { format_user_or_group (! stat_ok ? "?" : (numeric_ids ? NULL : getuser (u)), u, width); } /* Likewise, for groups. */ static void format_group (gid_t g, int width, bool stat_ok) { format_user_or_group (! stat_ok ? "?" : (numeric_ids ? NULL : getgroup (g)), g, width); } /* Return the number of columns that format_user_or_group will print. */ static int format_user_or_group_width (char const *name, unsigned long int id) { if (name) { int len = mbswidth (name, 0); return MAX (0, len); } else { char buf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (id)]; sprintf (buf, "%lu", id); return strlen (buf); } } /* Return the number of columns that format_user will print. */ static int format_user_width (uid_t u) { return format_user_or_group_width (numeric_ids ? NULL : getuser (u), u); } /* Likewise, for groups. */ static int format_group_width (gid_t g) { return format_user_or_group_width (numeric_ids ? NULL : getgroup (g), g); } /* Return a pointer to a formatted version of F->stat.st_ino, possibly using buffer, BUF, of length BUFLEN, which must be at least INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t) bytes. */ static char * format_inode (char *buf, size_t buflen, const struct fileinfo *f) { assert (INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t) <= buflen); return (f->stat_ok && f->stat.st_ino != NOT_AN_INODE_NUMBER ? umaxtostr (f->stat.st_ino, buf) : (char *) "?"); } /* Print information about F in long format. */ static void print_long_format (const struct fileinfo *f) { char modebuf[12]; char buf [LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1 /* inode */ + LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1 /* size in blocks */ + sizeof (modebuf) - 1 + 1 /* mode string */ + INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t) /* st_nlink */ + LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 2 /* major device number */ + LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1 /* minor device number */ + TIME_STAMP_LEN_MAXIMUM + 1 /* max length of time/date */ ]; size_t s; char *p; struct timespec when_timespec; struct tm *when_local; /* Compute the mode string, except remove the trailing space if no file in this directory has an ACL or security context. */ if (f->stat_ok) filemodestring (&f->stat, modebuf); else { modebuf[0] = filetype_letter[f->filetype]; memset (modebuf + 1, '?', 10); modebuf[11] = '\0'; } if (! any_has_acl) modebuf[10] = '\0'; else if (f->acl_type == ACL_T_LSM_CONTEXT_ONLY) modebuf[10] = '.'; else if (f->acl_type == ACL_T_YES) modebuf[10] = '+'; switch (time_type) { case time_ctime: when_timespec = get_stat_ctime (&f->stat); break; case time_mtime: when_timespec = get_stat_mtime (&f->stat); break; case time_atime: when_timespec = get_stat_atime (&f->stat); break; default: abort (); } p = buf; if (print_inode) { char hbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)]; sprintf (p, "%*s ", inode_number_width, format_inode (hbuf, sizeof hbuf, f)); /* Increment by strlen (p) here, rather than by inode_number_width + 1. The latter is wrong when inode_number_width is zero. */ p += strlen (p); } if (print_block_size) { char hbuf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1]; char const *blocks = (! f->stat_ok ? "?" : human_readable (ST_NBLOCKS (f->stat), hbuf, human_output_opts, ST_NBLOCKSIZE, output_block_size)); int pad; for (pad = block_size_width - mbswidth (blocks, 0); 0 < pad; pad--) *p++ = ' '; while ((*p++ = *blocks++)) continue; p[-1] = ' '; } /* The last byte of the mode string is the POSIX "optional alternate access method flag". */ { char hbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)]; sprintf (p, "%s %*s ", modebuf, nlink_width, ! f->stat_ok ? "?" : umaxtostr (f->stat.st_nlink, hbuf)); } /* Increment by strlen (p) here, rather than by, e.g., sizeof modebuf - 2 + any_has_acl + 1 + nlink_width + 1. The latter is wrong when nlink_width is zero. */ p += strlen (p); DIRED_INDENT (); if (print_owner || print_group || print_author || print_scontext) { DIRED_FPUTS (buf, stdout, p - buf); if (print_owner) format_user (f->stat.st_uid, owner_width, f->stat_ok); if (print_group) format_group (f->stat.st_gid, group_width, f->stat_ok); if (print_author) format_user (f->stat.st_author, author_width, f->stat_ok); if (print_scontext) format_user_or_group (f->scontext, 0, scontext_width); p = buf; } if (f->stat_ok && (S_ISCHR (f->stat.st_mode) || S_ISBLK (f->stat.st_mode))) { char majorbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)]; char minorbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t)]; int blanks_width = (file_size_width - (major_device_number_width + 2 + minor_device_number_width)); sprintf (p, "%*s, %*s ", major_device_number_width + MAX (0, blanks_width), umaxtostr (major (f->stat.st_rdev), majorbuf), minor_device_number_width, umaxtostr (minor (f->stat.st_rdev), minorbuf)); p += file_size_width + 1; } else { char hbuf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1]; char const *size = (! f->stat_ok ? "?" : human_readable (unsigned_file_size (f->stat.st_size), hbuf, file_human_output_opts, 1, file_output_block_size)); int pad; for (pad = file_size_width - mbswidth (size, 0); 0 < pad; pad--) *p++ = ' '; while ((*p++ = *size++)) continue; p[-1] = ' '; } when_local = localtime (&when_timespec.tv_sec); s = 0; *p = '\1'; if (f->stat_ok && when_local) { struct timespec six_months_ago; bool recent; char const *fmt; /* If the file appears to be in the future, update the current time, in case the file happens to have been modified since the last time we checked the clock. */ if (timespec_cmp (current_time, when_timespec) < 0) { /* Note that gettime may call gettimeofday which, on some non- compliant systems, clobbers the buffer used for localtime's result. But it's ok here, because we use a gettimeofday wrapper that saves and restores the buffer around the gettimeofday call. */ gettime (¤t_time); } /* Consider a time to be recent if it is within the past six months. A Gregorian year has 365.2425 * 24 * 60 * 60 == 31556952 seconds on the average. Write this value as an integer constant to avoid floating point hassles. */ six_months_ago.tv_sec = current_time.tv_sec - 31556952 / 2; six_months_ago.tv_nsec = current_time.tv_nsec; recent = (timespec_cmp (six_months_ago, when_timespec) < 0 && (timespec_cmp (when_timespec, current_time) < 0)); fmt = long_time_format[recent]; /* We assume here that all time zones are offset from UTC by a whole number of seconds. */ s = align_nstrftime (p, TIME_STAMP_LEN_MAXIMUM + 1, fmt, when_local, localtz, when_timespec.tv_nsec); } if (s || !*p) { p += s; *p++ = ' '; /* NUL-terminate the string -- fputs (via DIRED_FPUTS) requires it. */ *p = '\0'; } else { /* The time cannot be converted using the desired format, so print it as a huge integer number of seconds. */ char hbuf[INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (intmax_t)]; sprintf (p, "%*s ", long_time_expected_width (), (! f->stat_ok ? "?" : timetostr (when_timespec.tv_sec, hbuf))); /* FIXME: (maybe) We discarded when_timespec.tv_nsec. */ p += strlen (p); } DIRED_FPUTS (buf, stdout, p - buf); size_t w = print_name_with_quoting (f, false, &dired_obstack, p - buf); if (f->filetype == symbolic_link) { if (f->linkname) { DIRED_FPUTS_LITERAL (" -> ", stdout); print_name_with_quoting (f, true, NULL, (p - buf) + w + 4); if (indicator_style != none) print_type_indicator (true, f->linkmode, unknown); } } else if (indicator_style != none) print_type_indicator (f->stat_ok, f->stat.st_mode, f->filetype); } /* Output to OUT a quoted representation of the file name NAME, using OPTIONS to control quoting. Produce no output if OUT is NULL. Store the number of screen columns occupied by NAME's quoted representation into WIDTH, if non-NULL. Return the number of bytes produced. */ static size_t quote_name (FILE *out, const char *name, struct quoting_options const *options, size_t *width) { char smallbuf[BUFSIZ]; size_t len = quotearg_buffer (smallbuf, sizeof smallbuf, name, -1, options); char *buf; size_t displayed_width IF_LINT ( = 0); if (len < sizeof smallbuf) buf = smallbuf; else { buf = alloca (len + 1); quotearg_buffer (buf, len + 1, name, -1, options); } enum quoting_style qs = get_quoting_style (options); if (qmark_funny_chars && (qs == shell_quoting_style || qs == shell_always_quoting_style || qs == literal_quoting_style)) { if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) { char const *p = buf; char const *plimit = buf + len; char *q = buf; displayed_width = 0; while (p < plimit) switch (*p) { case ' ': case '!': case '"': case '#': case '%': case '&': case '\'': case '(': case ')': case '*': case '+': case ',': case '-': case '.': case '/': case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': case ':': case ';': case '<': case '=': case '>': case '?': case 'A': case 'B': case 'C': case 'D': case 'E': case 'F': case 'G': case 'H': case 'I': case 'J': case 'K': case 'L': case 'M': case 'N': case 'O': case 'P': case 'Q': case 'R': case 'S': case 'T': case 'U': case 'V': case 'W': case 'X': case 'Y': case 'Z': case '[': case '\\': case ']': case '^': case '_': case 'a': case 'b': case 'c': case 'd': case 'e': case 'f': case 'g': case 'h': case 'i': case 'j': case 'k': case 'l': case 'm': case 'n': case 'o': case 'p': case 'q': case 'r': case 's': case 't': case 'u': case 'v': case 'w': case 'x': case 'y': case 'z': case '{': case '|': case '}': case '~': /* These characters are printable ASCII characters. */ *q++ = *p++; displayed_width += 1; break; default: /* If we have a multibyte sequence, copy it until we reach its end, replacing each non-printable multibyte character with a single question mark. */ { mbstate_t mbstate = { 0, }; do { wchar_t wc; size_t bytes; int w; bytes = mbrtowc (&wc, p, plimit - p, &mbstate); if (bytes == (size_t) -1) { /* An invalid multibyte sequence was encountered. Skip one input byte, and put a question mark. */ p++; *q++ = '?'; displayed_width += 1; break; } if (bytes == (size_t) -2) { /* An incomplete multibyte character at the end. Replace it entirely with a question mark. */ p = plimit; *q++ = '?'; displayed_width += 1; break; } if (bytes == 0) /* A null wide character was encountered. */ bytes = 1; w = wcwidth (wc); if (w >= 0) { /* A printable multibyte character. Keep it. */ for (; bytes > 0; --bytes) *q++ = *p++; displayed_width += w; } else { /* An unprintable multibyte character. Replace it entirely with a question mark. */ p += bytes; *q++ = '?'; displayed_width += 1; } } while (! mbsinit (&mbstate)); } break; } /* The buffer may have shrunk. */ len = q - buf; } else { char *p = buf; char const *plimit = buf + len; while (p < plimit) { if (! isprint (to_uchar (*p))) *p = '?'; p++; } displayed_width = len; } } else if (width != NULL) { if (MB_CUR_MAX > 1) displayed_width = mbsnwidth (buf, len, 0); else { char const *p = buf; char const *plimit = buf + len; displayed_width = 0; while (p < plimit) { if (isprint (to_uchar (*p))) displayed_width++; p++; } } } if (out != NULL) fwrite (buf, 1, len, out); if (width != NULL) *width = displayed_width; return len; } static size_t print_name_with_quoting (const struct fileinfo *f, bool symlink_target, struct obstack *stack, size_t start_col) { const char* name = symlink_target ? f->linkname : f->name; bool used_color_this_time = (print_with_color && (print_color_indicator (f, symlink_target) || is_colored (C_NORM))); if (stack) PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS (stack); size_t width = quote_name (stdout, name, filename_quoting_options, NULL); dired_pos += width; if (stack) PUSH_CURRENT_DIRED_POS (stack); process_signals (); if (used_color_this_time) { prep_non_filename_text (); if (line_length && (start_col / line_length != (start_col + width - 1) / line_length)) put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_CLR_TO_EOL]); } return width; } static void prep_non_filename_text (void) { if (color_indicator[C_END].string != NULL) put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_END]); else { put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_LEFT]); put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_RESET]); put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_RIGHT]); } } /* Print the file name of 'f' with appropriate quoting. Also print file size, inode number, and filetype indicator character, as requested by switches. */ static size_t print_file_name_and_frills (const struct fileinfo *f, size_t start_col) { char buf[MAX (LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1, INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t))]; set_normal_color (); if (print_inode) printf ("%*s ", format == with_commas ? 0 : inode_number_width, format_inode (buf, sizeof buf, f)); if (print_block_size) printf ("%*s ", format == with_commas ? 0 : block_size_width, ! f->stat_ok ? "?" : human_readable (ST_NBLOCKS (f->stat), buf, human_output_opts, ST_NBLOCKSIZE, output_block_size)); if (print_scontext) printf ("%*s ", format == with_commas ? 0 : scontext_width, f->scontext); size_t width = print_name_with_quoting (f, false, NULL, start_col); if (indicator_style != none) width += print_type_indicator (f->stat_ok, f->stat.st_mode, f->filetype); return width; } /* Given these arguments describing a file, return the single-byte type indicator, or 0. */ static char get_type_indicator (bool stat_ok, mode_t mode, enum filetype type) { char c; if (stat_ok ? S_ISREG (mode) : type == normal) { if (stat_ok && indicator_style == classify && (mode & S_IXUGO)) c = '*'; else c = 0; } else { if (stat_ok ? S_ISDIR (mode) : type == directory || type == arg_directory) c = '/'; else if (indicator_style == slash) c = 0; else if (stat_ok ? S_ISLNK (mode) : type == symbolic_link) c = '@'; else if (stat_ok ? S_ISFIFO (mode) : type == fifo) c = '|'; else if (stat_ok ? S_ISSOCK (mode) : type == sock) c = '='; else if (stat_ok && S_ISDOOR (mode)) c = '>'; else c = 0; } return c; } static bool print_type_indicator (bool stat_ok, mode_t mode, enum filetype type) { char c = get_type_indicator (stat_ok, mode, type); if (c) DIRED_PUTCHAR (c); return !!c; } /* Returns whether any color sequence was printed. */ static bool print_color_indicator (const struct fileinfo *f, bool symlink_target) { enum indicator_no type; struct color_ext_type *ext; /* Color extension */ size_t len; /* Length of name */ const char* name; mode_t mode; int linkok; if (symlink_target) { name = f->linkname; mode = f->linkmode; linkok = f->linkok ? 0 : -1; } else { name = f->name; mode = FILE_OR_LINK_MODE (f); linkok = f->linkok; } /* Is this a nonexistent file? If so, linkok == -1. */ if (linkok == -1 && is_colored (C_MISSING)) type = C_MISSING; else if (!f->stat_ok) { static enum indicator_no filetype_indicator[] = FILETYPE_INDICATORS; type = filetype_indicator[f->filetype]; } else { if (S_ISREG (mode)) { type = C_FILE; if ((mode & S_ISUID) != 0 && is_colored (C_SETUID)) type = C_SETUID; else if ((mode & S_ISGID) != 0 && is_colored (C_SETGID)) type = C_SETGID; else if (is_colored (C_CAP) && f->has_capability) type = C_CAP; else if ((mode & S_IXUGO) != 0 && is_colored (C_EXEC)) type = C_EXEC; else if ((1 < f->stat.st_nlink) && is_colored (C_MULTIHARDLINK)) type = C_MULTIHARDLINK; } else if (S_ISDIR (mode)) { type = C_DIR; if ((mode & S_ISVTX) && (mode & S_IWOTH) && is_colored (C_STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE)) type = C_STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE; else if ((mode & S_IWOTH) != 0 && is_colored (C_OTHER_WRITABLE)) type = C_OTHER_WRITABLE; else if ((mode & S_ISVTX) != 0 && is_colored (C_STICKY)) type = C_STICKY; } else if (S_ISLNK (mode)) type = C_LINK; else if (S_ISFIFO (mode)) type = C_FIFO; else if (S_ISSOCK (mode)) type = C_SOCK; else if (S_ISBLK (mode)) type = C_BLK; else if (S_ISCHR (mode)) type = C_CHR; else if (S_ISDOOR (mode)) type = C_DOOR; else { /* Classify a file of some other type as C_ORPHAN. */ type = C_ORPHAN; } } /* Check the file's suffix only if still classified as C_FILE. */ ext = NULL; if (type == C_FILE) { /* Test if NAME has a recognized suffix. */ len = strlen (name); name += len; /* Pointer to final \0. */ for (ext = color_ext_list; ext != NULL; ext = ext->next) { if (ext->ext.len <= len && STREQ_LEN (name - ext->ext.len, ext->ext.string, ext->ext.len)) break; } } /* Adjust the color for orphaned symlinks. */ if (type == C_LINK && !linkok) { if (color_symlink_as_referent || is_colored (C_ORPHAN)) type = C_ORPHAN; } { const struct bin_str *const s = ext ? &(ext->seq) : &color_indicator[type]; if (s->string != NULL) { /* Need to reset so not dealing with attribute combinations */ if (is_colored (C_NORM)) restore_default_color (); put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_LEFT]); put_indicator (s); put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_RIGHT]); return true; } else return false; } } /* Output a color indicator (which may contain nulls). */ static void put_indicator (const struct bin_str *ind) { if (! used_color) { used_color = true; prep_non_filename_text (); } fwrite (ind->string, ind->len, 1, stdout); } static size_t length_of_file_name_and_frills (const struct fileinfo *f) { size_t len = 0; size_t name_width; char buf[MAX (LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1, INT_BUFSIZE_BOUND (uintmax_t))]; if (print_inode) len += 1 + (format == with_commas ? strlen (umaxtostr (f->stat.st_ino, buf)) : inode_number_width); if (print_block_size) len += 1 + (format == with_commas ? strlen (! f->stat_ok ? "?" : human_readable (ST_NBLOCKS (f->stat), buf, human_output_opts, ST_NBLOCKSIZE, output_block_size)) : block_size_width); if (print_scontext) len += 1 + (format == with_commas ? strlen (f->scontext) : scontext_width); quote_name (NULL, f->name, filename_quoting_options, &name_width); len += name_width; if (indicator_style != none) { char c = get_type_indicator (f->stat_ok, f->stat.st_mode, f->filetype); len += (c != 0); } return len; } static void print_many_per_line (void) { size_t row; /* Current row. */ size_t cols = calculate_columns (true); struct column_info const *line_fmt = &column_info[cols - 1]; /* Calculate the number of rows that will be in each column except possibly for a short column on the right. */ size_t rows = cwd_n_used / cols + (cwd_n_used % cols != 0); for (row = 0; row < rows; row++) { size_t col = 0; size_t filesno = row; size_t pos = 0; /* Print the next row. */ while (1) { struct fileinfo const *f = sorted_file[filesno]; size_t name_length = length_of_file_name_and_frills (f); size_t max_name_length = line_fmt->col_arr[col++]; print_file_name_and_frills (f, pos); filesno += rows; if (filesno >= cwd_n_used) break; indent (pos + name_length, pos + max_name_length); pos += max_name_length; } putchar ('\n'); } } static void print_horizontal (void) { size_t filesno; size_t pos = 0; size_t cols = calculate_columns (false); struct column_info const *line_fmt = &column_info[cols - 1]; struct fileinfo const *f = sorted_file[0]; size_t name_length = length_of_file_name_and_frills (f); size_t max_name_length = line_fmt->col_arr[0]; /* Print first entry. */ print_file_name_and_frills (f, 0); /* Now the rest. */ for (filesno = 1; filesno < cwd_n_used; ++filesno) { size_t col = filesno % cols; if (col == 0) { putchar ('\n'); pos = 0; } else { indent (pos + name_length, pos + max_name_length); pos += max_name_length; } f = sorted_file[filesno]; print_file_name_and_frills (f, pos); name_length = length_of_file_name_and_frills (f); max_name_length = line_fmt->col_arr[col]; } putchar ('\n'); } /* Output name + SEP + ' '. */ static void print_with_separator (char sep) { size_t filesno; size_t pos = 0; for (filesno = 0; filesno < cwd_n_used; filesno++) { struct fileinfo const *f = sorted_file[filesno]; size_t len = line_length ? length_of_file_name_and_frills (f) : 0; if (filesno != 0) { char separator; if (! line_length || ((pos + len + 2 < line_length) && (pos <= SIZE_MAX - len - 2))) { pos += 2; separator = ' '; } else { pos = 0; separator = '\n'; } putchar (sep); putchar (separator); } print_file_name_and_frills (f, pos); pos += len; } putchar ('\n'); } /* Assuming cursor is at position FROM, indent up to position TO. Use a TAB character instead of two or more spaces whenever possible. */ static void indent (size_t from, size_t to) { while (from < to) { if (tabsize != 0 && to / tabsize > (from + 1) / tabsize) { putchar ('\t'); from += tabsize - from % tabsize; } else { putchar (' '); from++; } } } /* Put DIRNAME/NAME into DEST, handling '.' and '/' properly. */ /* FIXME: maybe remove this function someday. See about using a non-malloc'ing version of file_name_concat. */ static void attach (char *dest, const char *dirname, const char *name) { const char *dirnamep = dirname; /* Copy dirname if it is not ".". */ if (dirname[0] != '.' || dirname[1] != 0) { while (*dirnamep) *dest++ = *dirnamep++; /* Add '/' if 'dirname' doesn't already end with it. */ if (dirnamep > dirname && dirnamep[-1] != '/') *dest++ = '/'; } while (*name) *dest++ = *name++; *dest = 0; } /* Allocate enough column info suitable for the current number of files and display columns, and initialize the info to represent the narrowest possible columns. */ static void init_column_info (void) { size_t i; size_t max_cols = MIN (max_idx, cwd_n_used); /* Currently allocated columns in column_info. */ static size_t column_info_alloc; if (column_info_alloc < max_cols) { size_t new_column_info_alloc; size_t *p; if (max_cols < max_idx / 2) { /* The number of columns is far less than the display width allows. Grow the allocation, but only so that it's double the current requirements. If the display is extremely wide, this avoids allocating a lot of memory that is never needed. */ column_info = xnrealloc (column_info, max_cols, 2 * sizeof *column_info); new_column_info_alloc = 2 * max_cols; } else { column_info = xnrealloc (column_info, max_idx, sizeof *column_info); new_column_info_alloc = max_idx; } /* Allocate the new size_t objects by computing the triangle formula n * (n + 1) / 2, except that we don't need to allocate the part of the triangle that we've already allocated. Check for address arithmetic overflow. */ { size_t column_info_growth = new_column_info_alloc - column_info_alloc; size_t s = column_info_alloc + 1 + new_column_info_alloc; size_t t = s * column_info_growth; if (s < new_column_info_alloc || t / column_info_growth != s) xalloc_die (); p = xnmalloc (t / 2, sizeof *p); } /* Grow the triangle by parceling out the cells just allocated. */ for (i = column_info_alloc; i < new_column_info_alloc; i++) { column_info[i].col_arr = p; p += i + 1; } column_info_alloc = new_column_info_alloc; } for (i = 0; i < max_cols; ++i) { size_t j; column_info[i].valid_len = true; column_info[i].line_len = (i + 1) * MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH; for (j = 0; j <= i; ++j) column_info[i].col_arr[j] = MIN_COLUMN_WIDTH; } } /* Calculate the number of columns needed to represent the current set of files in the current display width. */ static size_t calculate_columns (bool by_columns) { size_t filesno; /* Index into cwd_file. */ size_t cols; /* Number of files across. */ /* Normally the maximum number of columns is determined by the screen width. But if few files are available this might limit it as well. */ size_t max_cols = MIN (max_idx, cwd_n_used); init_column_info (); /* Compute the maximum number of possible columns. */ for (filesno = 0; filesno < cwd_n_used; ++filesno) { struct fileinfo const *f = sorted_file[filesno]; size_t name_length = length_of_file_name_and_frills (f); size_t i; for (i = 0; i < max_cols; ++i) { if (column_info[i].valid_len) { size_t idx = (by_columns ? filesno / ((cwd_n_used + i) / (i + 1)) : filesno % (i + 1)); size_t real_length = name_length + (idx == i ? 0 : 2); if (column_info[i].col_arr[idx] < real_length) { column_info[i].line_len += (real_length - column_info[i].col_arr[idx]); column_info[i].col_arr[idx] = real_length; column_info[i].valid_len = (column_info[i].line_len < line_length); } } } } /* Find maximum allowed columns. */ for (cols = max_cols; 1 < cols; --cols) { if (column_info[cols - 1].valid_len) break; } return cols; } void usage (int status) { if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS) emit_try_help (); else { printf (_("Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n"), program_name); fputs (_("\ List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).\n\ Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.\n\ "), stdout); emit_mandatory_arg_note (); fputs (_("\ -a, --all do not ignore entries starting with .\n\ -A, --almost-all do not list implied . and ..\n\ --author with -l, print the author of each file\n\ -b, --escape print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters\n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ --block-size=SIZE scale sizes by SIZE before printing them; e.g.,\n\ '--block-size=M' prints sizes in units of\n\ 1,048,576 bytes; see SIZE format below\n\ -B, --ignore-backups do not list implied entries ending with ~\n\ -c with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last\n\ modification of file status information);\n\ with -l: show ctime and sort by name;\n\ otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first\n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ -C list entries by columns\n\ --color[=WHEN] colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default\ \n\ if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below\ \n\ -d, --directory list directories themselves, not their contents\n\ -D, --dired generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode\n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ -f do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color\n\ -F, --classify append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries\n\ --file-type likewise, except do not append '*'\n\ --format=WORD across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,\n\ single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C\n\ --full-time like -l --time-style=full-iso\n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ -g like -l, but do not list owner\n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ --group-directories-first\n\ group directories before files;\n\ can be augmented with a --sort option, but any\n\ use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping\n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ -G, --no-group in a long listing, don't print group names\n\ -h, --human-readable with -l and/or -s, print human readable sizes\n\ (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)\n\ --si likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024\n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ -H, --dereference-command-line\n\ follow symbolic links listed on the command line\n\ --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir\n\ follow each command line symbolic link\n\ that points to a directory\n\ --hide=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN\ \n\ (overridden by -a or -A)\n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ --indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:\ \n\ none (default), slash (-p),\n\ file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)\n\ -i, --inode print the index number of each file\n\ -I, --ignore=PATTERN do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN\ \n\ -k, --kibibytes default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage\n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ -l use a long listing format\n\ -L, --dereference when showing file information for a symbolic\n\ link, show information for the file the link\n\ references rather than for the link itself\n\ -m fill width with a comma separated list of entries\ \n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ -n, --numeric-uid-gid like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs\n\ -N, --literal print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control\n\ characters specially)\n\ -o like -l, but do not list group information\n\ -p, --indicator-style=slash\n\ append / indicator to directories\n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ -q, --hide-control-chars print ? instead of nongraphic characters\n\ --show-control-chars show nongraphic characters as-is (the default,\n\ unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)\ \n\ -Q, --quote-name enclose entry names in double quotes\n\ --quoting-style=WORD use quoting style WORD for entry names:\n\ literal, locale, shell, shell-always,\n\ shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape\n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ -r, --reverse reverse order while sorting\n\ -R, --recursive list subdirectories recursively\n\ -s, --size print the allocated size of each file, in blocks\n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ -S sort by file size, largest first\n\ --sort=WORD sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S)\ ,\n\ time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)\n\ --time=WORD with -l, show time as WORD instead of default\n\ modification time: atime or access or use (-u);\ \n\ ctime or status (-c); also use specified time\n\ as sort key if --sort=time (newest first)\n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ --time-style=STYLE with -l, show times using style STYLE:\n\ full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, or +FORMAT;\n\ FORMAT is interpreted like in 'date'; if FORMAT\ \n\ is FORMAT1FORMAT2, then FORMAT1 applies\ \n\ to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files;\ \n\ if STYLE is prefixed with 'posix-', STYLE\n\ takes effect only outside the POSIX locale\n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ -t sort by modification time, newest first\n\ -T, --tabsize=COLS assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8\n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ -u with -lt: sort by, and show, access time;\n\ with -l: show access time and sort by name;\n\ otherwise: sort by access time, newest first\n\ -U do not sort; list entries in directory order\n\ -v natural sort of (version) numbers within text\n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ -w, --width=COLS set output width to COLS. 0 means no limit\n\ -x list entries by lines instead of by columns\n\ -X sort alphabetically by entry extension\n\ -Z, --context print any security context of each file\n\ -1 list one file per line. Avoid '\\n' with -q or -b\ \n\ "), stdout); fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout); fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout); emit_size_note (); fputs (_("\ \n\ Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and\n\ with --color=never. With --color=auto, ls emits color codes only when\n\ standard output is connected to a terminal. The LS_COLORS environment\n\ variable can change the settings. Use the dircolors command to set it.\n\ "), stdout); fputs (_("\ \n\ Exit status:\n\ 0 if OK,\n\ 1 if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),\n\ 2 if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).\n\ "), stdout); emit_ancillary_info (PROGRAM_NAME); } exit (status); }