From ae2b0d2ddca458eb282bb0458987e75e1875a659 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jim Meyering <meyering@redhat.com>
Date: Sat, 7 Jan 2012 20:55:10 +0100
Subject: tests: more automated quote adjustment

Relax initial regexp to match more instances, but add a
filter to avoid some invalid conversions.  Run this:

git grep -l "\`[^']*'" tests | xargs perl -pi -e '$q=q"'\''";' \
  -e '$q="$q\\$q$q"; /(= ?\`|\`expr|\`echo|\Q$q\E)/ and next;' \
  -e ' s/\`([^'\''"]*?'\'')/'\''$1/g'
The last disjunct in the above (...) filter is to exempt
any line that contains this string: '\''
With quoting like that, converting a ` to ' is likely to cause trouble,
so we'll handle those manually.  Here are three examples where
the exemption is required:

  *': `link-to-dir/'\'': hard link not allowed for directory'*) ;;
  printf 'creating file `%s'\''\n' $f
  'mv: inter-device move failed: `%s'\'' to `%s'\'';'\
---
 tests/Coreutils.pm           | 16 ++++++++--------
 tests/CuTmpdir.pm            |  2 +-
 tests/check.mk               |  4 ++--
 tests/chgrp/basic            |  2 +-
 tests/chgrp/deref            |  2 +-
 tests/chmod/no-x             |  2 +-
 tests/cp/fiemap-empty        |  2 +-
 tests/cp/fiemap-perf         |  2 +-
 tests/du/files0-from         |  4 ++--
 tests/du/two-args            |  2 +-
 tests/install/create-leading |  2 +-
 tests/misc/basename          |  2 +-
 tests/misc/cat-proc          |  2 +-
 tests/misc/comm              |  6 +++---
 tests/misc/date-sec          |  2 +-
 tests/misc/dirname           |  2 +-
 tests/misc/factor            |  2 +-
 tests/misc/fmt               |  8 ++++----
 tests/misc/join              |  2 +-
 tests/misc/mktemp            | 18 +++++++++---------
 tests/misc/nohup             |  4 ++--
 tests/misc/od                |  2 +-
 tests/misc/printf-cov        |  2 +-
 tests/misc/seq               | 10 +++++-----
 tests/misc/sha1sum-vec       |  4 ++--
 tests/misc/sort              | 26 +++++++++++++-------------
 tests/misc/sort-compress     |  2 +-
 tests/misc/sort-files0-from  |  6 +++---
 tests/misc/sort-merge        | 12 ++++++------
 tests/misc/stdbuf            |  2 +-
 tests/misc/tac               |  2 +-
 tests/misc/tail              |  4 ++--
 tests/misc/test              |  2 +-
 tests/misc/test-diag         |  2 +-
 tests/misc/timeout           |  2 +-
 tests/misc/tr                |  6 +++---
 tests/misc/tsort             |  2 +-
 tests/misc/tty-eof           |  2 +-
 tests/misc/wc-files0-from    |  4 ++--
 tests/misc/xstrtol           |  2 +-
 tests/mv/hard-3              |  2 +-
 tests/mv/i-1                 |  2 +-
 tests/pr/pr-tests            |  4 ++--
 tests/rm/deep-1              |  2 +-
 tests/rm/empty-name          |  4 ++--
 tests/rm/fail-eperm          | 16 ++++++++--------
 tests/rm/no-give-up          |  2 +-
 tests/split/lines            |  2 +-
 48 files changed, 108 insertions(+), 108 deletions(-)

(limited to 'tests')

diff --git a/tests/Coreutils.pm b/tests/Coreutils.pm
index 7f4a0372c..4d2d796d8 100644
--- a/tests/Coreutils.pm
+++ b/tests/Coreutils.pm
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ defined $ENV{DJDIR}
 #           stdout from cmd
 # {OUT => {'filename'=>[$CTOR, $DTOR]}} $CTOR and $DTOR are references to
 #           functions, each which is passed the single argument 'filename'.
-#           $CTOR must create `filename'.
+#           $CTOR must create 'filename'.
 #           DTOR may be omitted in which case 'sub{unlink @_[0]}' is used.
 #           FIXME: implement this
 # {ERR => ...}
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ defined $ENV{DJDIR}
 #   diagnostics: Operation not permitted, Not owner, and Permission denied.
 # {EXIT => N} expect exit status of cmd to be N
 # {ENV => 'VAR=val ...'}
-#   Prepend 'VAR=val ...' to the command that we execute via `system'.
+#   Prepend 'VAR=val ...' to the command that we execute via 'system'.
 # {ENV_DEL => 'VAR'}
 #   Remove VAR from the environment just before running the corresponding
 #   command, and restore any value just afterwards.
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ sub _create_file ($$$$)
       ++$Global_count;
     }
 
-  warn "creating file `$file' with contents `$data'\n" if $debug;
+  warn "creating file '$file' with contents '$data'\n" if $debug;
 
   # The test spec gave a string.
   # Write it to a temp file and return tempfile name.
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ sub _process_file_spec ($$$$$)
   else
     {
       # FIXME: put $srcdir in here somewhere
-      warn "$program_name: $test_name: specified file `$file' does"
+      warn "$program_name: $test_name: specified file '$file' does"
         . " not exist\n"
           if ! -f "$srcdir/$file";
     }
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ sub run_tests ($$$$$)
             . " expected 1\n"
               if $n != 1;
           my ($type, $val) = each %$io_spec;
-          die "$program_name: $test_name: invalid key `$type' in test spec\n"
+          die "$program_name: $test_name: invalid key '$type' in test spec\n"
             if ! $Types{$type};
 
           # Make sure there's no more than one of OUT, ERR, EXIT, etc.
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ sub run_tests ($$$$$)
                         or die "$program_name: $test_name: CMP spec has $n "
                           . "elements -- expected 1\n";
 
-                      # Replace any `@AUX@' in the key of %$e.
+                      # Replace any '@AUX@' in the key of %$e.
                       my ($ff, $val) = each %$e;
                       my $new_ff = _at_replace $expect, $ff;
                       if ($new_ff ne $ff)
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ sub run_tests ($$$$$)
             and $pushed_env{$env_sym} = $val;
         }
 
-      warn "Running command: `$cmd_str'\n" if $debug;
+      warn "Running command: '$cmd_str'\n" if $debug;
       my $rc = 0xffff & system $cmd_str;
 
       # Restore any environment setting we changed via a deletion.
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ sub run_tests ($$$$$)
       if ($rc == 0xff00)
         {
           warn "$program_name: test $test_name failed: command failed:\n"
-            . "  `$cmd_str': $!\n";
+            . "  '$cmd_str': $!\n";
           $fail = 1;
           goto cleanup;
         }
diff --git a/tests/CuTmpdir.pm b/tests/CuTmpdir.pm
index 05c302995..efa646213 100644
--- a/tests/CuTmpdir.pm
+++ b/tests/CuTmpdir.pm
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ my $dir;
 
 sub skip_test($)
 {
-  warn "$ME: skipping test: unsafe working directory name: `$_[0]'\n";
+  warn "$ME: skipping test: unsafe working directory name: '$_[0]'\n";
   exit 77;
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/check.mk b/tests/check.mk
index b66e6a3ed..cb67b9dde 100644
--- a/tests/check.mk
+++ b/tests/check.mk
@@ -44,11 +44,11 @@ check-am: .built-programs
             && MAKEFLAGS= $(MAKE) -s built_programs.list)		\
           > $@-t && mv $@-t $@
 
-## `$f' is set by the Automake-generated test harness to the path of the
+## '$f' is set by the Automake-generated test harness to the path of the
 ## current test script stripped of VPATH components, and is used by the
 ## shell-or-perl script to determine the name of the temporary files to be
 ## used.  Note that $f is a shell variable, not a make macro, so the use of
-## `$$f' below is correct, and not a typo.
+## '$$f' below is correct, and not a typo.
 LOG_COMPILER = \
   $(SHELL) $(srcdir)/shell-or-perl \
   --test-name "$$f" --srcdir '$(srcdir)' \
diff --git a/tests/chgrp/basic b/tests/chgrp/basic
index 0cf0bca84..9c384ba38 100755
--- a/tests/chgrp/basic
+++ b/tests/chgrp/basic
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ chown --from=:$g1 :$g2 f; test `stat --printf=%g f` = $g2 || fail=1
 
 # This *should* change the group of f.
 # Though note that the diagnostic is misleading in that
-# it says the 'group of `symlink'' has been changed.
+# it says the 'group of 'symlink'' has been changed.
 chgrp $g1 symlink; test `stat --printf=%g f` = $g1 || fail=1
 chown --from=:$g1 :$g2 f; test `stat --printf=%g f` = $g2 || fail=1
 
diff --git a/tests/chgrp/deref b/tests/chgrp/deref
index cf1ddd869..dcdc4367a 100755
--- a/tests/chgrp/deref
+++ b/tests/chgrp/deref
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ set _ `ls -ln f`; g=$5; test "$g" = $g2 || fail=1
 
 # This *should* change the group of f.
 # Though note that the diagnostic you'd get with -c is misleading in that
-# it says the 'group of `symlink'' has been changed.
+# it says the 'group of 'symlink'' has been changed.
 chgrp --dereference $g1 symlink
 set _ `ls -ln f`; g=$5; test "$g" = $g1 || fail=1
 set _ `ls -ln symlink`; g=$5; test "$g" = $g2 || fail=1
diff --git a/tests/chmod/no-x b/tests/chmod/no-x
index cc0d14268..19f439832 100755
--- a/tests/chmod/no-x
+++ b/tests/chmod/no-x
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ EOF
 compare exp out || fail=1
 
 cd a
-# This will fail with '`chmod: fts_read failed: Permission denied''
+# This will fail with ''chmod: fts_read failed: Permission denied''
 chmod a-x . b 2> /dev/null && fail=1
 # chmod must exit with status 1.
 # Due to a bug in coreutils-5.93's fts.c, chmod would provoke
diff --git a/tests/cp/fiemap-empty b/tests/cp/fiemap-empty
index 951d8e062..efa4b660d 100755
--- a/tests/cp/fiemap-empty
+++ b/tests/cp/fiemap-empty
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ fallocate -l 600MiB space.test ||
 
 # Disable this test on old BTRFS (e.g. Fedora 14)
 # which reports ordinary extents for unwritten ones.
-filefrag space.test || skip_ 'the 'filefrag` utility is missing'
+filefrag space.test || skip_ 'the 'filefrag' utility is missing'
 filefrag -v space.test | grep -F 'unwritten' > /dev/null ||
   skip_ 'this file system does not report empty extents as "unwritten"'
 
diff --git a/tests/cp/fiemap-perf b/tests/cp/fiemap-perf
index 3addfe1b2..e418728ee 100755
--- a/tests/cp/fiemap-perf
+++ b/tests/cp/fiemap-perf
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ timeout 10 truncate -s1T f || framework_failure_
 
 # Disable this test on old BTRFS (e.g. Fedora 14)
 # which reports (unwritten) extents for holes.
-filefrag f || skip_ 'the 'filefrag` utility is missing'
+filefrag f || skip_ 'the 'filefrag' utility is missing'
 filefrag f | grep -F ': 0 extents found' > /dev/null ||
   skip_ 'this file system reports extents for holes'
 
diff --git a/tests/du/files0-from b/tests/du/files0-from
index c62c2a805..67e1e2e76 100755
--- a/tests/du/files0-from
+++ b/tests/du/files0-from
@@ -30,14 +30,14 @@ my @Tests =
   (
    # invalid extra command line argument
    ['f-extra-arg', '--files0-from=- no-such', {IN=>"a"}, {EXIT=>1},
-    {ERR => "$prog: extra operand `no-such'\n"
+    {ERR => "$prog: extra operand 'no-such'\n"
         . "file operands cannot be combined with --files0-from\n"
         . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}
     ],
 
    # missing input file
    ['missing', '--files0-from=missing', {EXIT=>1},
-    {ERR => "$prog: cannot open `missing' for reading: "
+    {ERR => "$prog: cannot open 'missing' for reading: "
      . "No such file or directory\n"}],
 
    # input file name of '-'
diff --git a/tests/du/two-args b/tests/du/two-args
index 0d88c98ed..7b4359dc9 100755
--- a/tests/du/two-args
+++ b/tests/du/two-args
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ mkdir -p $t/1 $t/2 || framework_failure_
 test -d $t || fail=1
 du $t/1 $t/2 > /dev/null || fail=1
 
-# Make sure `du . $t' and `du .. $t' work.
+# Make sure 'du . $t' and 'du .. $t' work.
 # These would fail prior to fileutils-4.0y.
 du . $t > /dev/null || fail=1
 du .. $t > /dev/null || fail=1
diff --git a/tests/install/create-leading b/tests/install/create-leading
index d349f601c..d1fea0682 100755
--- a/tests/install/create-leading
+++ b/tests/install/create-leading
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ print_ver_ ginstall
 file=file
 echo foo > $file
 
-# Before 4.0q, this would mistakenly create $file, not `dest'
+# Before 4.0q, this would mistakenly create $file, not 'dest'
 # in no-dir1/no-dir2/.
 ginstall -D $file no-dir1/no-dir2/dest || fail=1
 test -d no-dir1/no-dir2 || fail=1
diff --git a/tests/misc/basename b/tests/misc/basename
index 349aac8f5..fefe58c79 100755
--- a/tests/misc/basename
+++ b/tests/misc/basename
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ my @Tests =
     (
      ['fail-1', {ERR => "$prog: missing operand\n"
        . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}, {EXIT => '1'}],
-     ['fail-2', qw(a b c), {ERR => "$prog: extra operand `c'\n"
+     ['fail-2', qw(a b c), {ERR => "$prog: extra operand 'c'\n"
        . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}, {EXIT => '1'}],
 
      ['a', qw(d/f),        {OUT => 'f'}],
diff --git a/tests/misc/cat-proc b/tests/misc/cat-proc
index 99e064bf9..082c727e0 100755
--- a/tests/misc/cat-proc
+++ b/tests/misc/cat-proc
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/bin/sh
-# Ensure that cat -E produces same output as cat, module `$'s,
+# Ensure that cat -E produces same output as cat, module '$'s,
 # even when applied to a file in /proc.
 
 # Copyright (C) 2006-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
diff --git a/tests/misc/comm b/tests/misc/comm
index c727f80fc..905b5f862 100755
--- a/tests/misc/comm
+++ b/tests/misc/comm
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ my @Tests =
 
    # invalid missing command line argument (1)
    ['missing-arg1', $inputs[0], {EXIT=>1},
-    {ERR => "$prog: missing operand after `a'\n"
+    {ERR => "$prog: missing operand after 'a'\n"
         . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}],
 
    # invalid missing command line argument (both)
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ my @Tests =
 
    # invalid extra command line argument
    ['extra-arg', @inputs, 'no-such', {EXIT=>1},
-    {ERR => "$prog: extra operand `no-such'\n"
+    {ERR => "$prog: extra operand 'no-such'\n"
         . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}],
 
    # out-of-order input
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ my @Tests =
 
    # invalid empty delimiter
    ['delim-empty', '--output-delimiter=', @inputs, {EXIT=>1},
-    {ERR => "$prog: empty `--output-delimiter' not allowed\n"}],
+    {ERR => "$prog: empty '--output-delimiter' not allowed\n"}],
 
    # invalid dual delimiter
    ['delim-dual', '--output-delimiter=,', '--output-delimiter=+',
diff --git a/tests/misc/date-sec b/tests/misc/date-sec
index b36b6759f..32463cf39 100755
--- a/tests/misc/date-sec
+++ b/tests/misc/date-sec
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 # Ensure that a command like
-# `date --date="21:04 +0100" +%S' always prints `00'.
+# `date --date="21:04 +0100" +%S' always prints '00'.
 # Before coreutils-5.2.1, it would print the seconds from the current time.
 
 # Copyright (C) 2004, 2006, 2008-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
diff --git a/tests/misc/dirname b/tests/misc/dirname
index 67a374ede..37cf7cf18 100755
--- a/tests/misc/dirname
+++ b/tests/misc/dirname
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ my @Tests =
     (
      ['fail-1', {ERR => "$prog: missing operand\n"
        . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}, {EXIT => '1'}],
-     ['fail-2', qw(a b), {ERR => "$prog: extra operand `b'\n"
+     ['fail-2', qw(a b), {ERR => "$prog: extra operand 'b'\n"
        . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}, {EXIT => '1'}],
 
      ['a', qw(d/f),        {OUT => 'd'}],
diff --git a/tests/misc/factor b/tests/misc/factor
index d5565d66c..97da9c474 100755
--- a/tests/misc/factor
+++ b/tests/misc/factor
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ my @Tests =
       {EXIT => 1}],
      ['cont', 'a 4',
       {OUT => "4: 2 2\n"},
-      {ERR => "$prog: `a' is not a valid positive integer\n"},
+      {ERR => "$prog: 'a' is not a valid positive integer\n"},
       {EXIT => 1}],
     );
 
diff --git a/tests/misc/fmt b/tests/misc/fmt
index ef10e8274..e94d6134e 100755
--- a/tests/misc/fmt
+++ b/tests/misc/fmt
@@ -26,13 +26,13 @@ my @Tests =
       {IN=> "ça\nçb\n"},
       {OUT=>"ça b\n"}],
      ['wide-1', '-w 32768',
-      {ERR => "fmt: invalid width: `32768'\n"}, {EXIT => 1}],
+      {ERR => "fmt: invalid width: '32768'\n"}, {EXIT => 1}],
      ['wide-2', '-w 2147483647',
-      {ERR => "fmt: invalid width: `2147483647'\n"}, {EXIT => 1}],
+      {ERR => "fmt: invalid width: '2147483647'\n"}, {EXIT => 1}],
      ['bad-suffix', '-72x',	{IN=> ''},
-      {ERR => "fmt: invalid width: `72x'\n"}, {EXIT => 1}],
+      {ERR => "fmt: invalid width: '72x'\n"}, {EXIT => 1}],
      ['no-file', 'no-such-file',
-      {ERR => "fmt: cannot open `no-such-file' for reading:"
+      {ERR => "fmt: cannot open 'no-such-file' for reading:"
        . " No such file or directory\n"}, {EXIT => 1}],
      ['obs-1', '-c -72',
       {ERR => "fmt: invalid option -- 7; -WIDTH is recognized only when it"
diff --git a/tests/misc/join b/tests/misc/join
index 8fa099464..a3fd1a8fa 100755
--- a/tests/misc/join
+++ b/tests/misc/join
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ my @tv = (
 
 # FIXME: change this to ensure the diagnostic makes sense
 ['invalid-j', '-j x', {}, "", 1,
- "$prog: invalid field number: `x'\n"],
+ "$prog: invalid field number: 'x'\n"],
 
 # With ordering check, inputs in order
 ['chkodr-1', '--check-order',
diff --git a/tests/misc/mktemp b/tests/misc/mktemp
index 40bbe5100..c6291fbb6 100755
--- a/tests/misc/mktemp
+++ b/tests/misc/mktemp
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ my @Tests =
      ['too-many-q', '-q a b', {EXIT => 1} ],
 
      ['too-few-x', 'foo.XX', {EXIT => 1},
-      {ERR=>"$prog: too few X's in template `foo.XX'\n"}],
+      {ERR=>"$prog: too few X's in template 'foo.XX'\n"}],
      ['too-few-xq', '-q foo.XX', {EXIT => 1} ],
 
      ['1f', 'bar.XXXX', {OUT => "bar.ZZZZ\n"},
@@ -103,11 +103,11 @@ my @Tests =
 
      # Test bad templates
      ['invalid-tl', '-t a/bXXXX',
-      {ERR=>"$prog: invalid template, `a/bXXXX', "
+      {ERR=>"$prog: invalid template, 'a/bXXXX', "
        . "contains directory separator\n"}, {EXIT => 1} ],
 
      ['invalid-t2', '--tmpdir=a /bXXXX',
-      {ERR=>"$prog: invalid template, `/bXXXX'; "
+      {ERR=>"$prog: invalid template, '/bXXXX'; "
        . "with --tmpdir, it may not be absolute\n"}, {EXIT => 1} ],
 
      # Suffix after X.
@@ -144,17 +144,17 @@ my @Tests =
        check_tmp $f, 'F'; }}],
 
      ['suffix5f', '--suffix /b aXXXX', {EXIT=>1},
-      {ERR=>"$prog: invalid suffix `/b', contains directory separator\n"}],
+      {ERR=>"$prog: invalid suffix '/b', contains directory separator\n"}],
 
      ['suffix6f', 'aXXXX/b', {EXIT=>1},
-      {ERR=>"$prog: invalid suffix `/b', contains directory separator\n"}],
+      {ERR=>"$prog: invalid suffix '/b', contains directory separator\n"}],
      ['suffix6f-q', '-q aXXXX/b', {EXIT=>1}],
 
      ['suffix7f', '--suffix= aXXXXb', {EXIT=>1},
-      {ERR=>"$prog: with --suffix, template `aXXXXb' must end in X\n"}],
+      {ERR=>"$prog: with --suffix, template 'aXXXXb' must end in X\n"}],
      ['suffix7f-q', '-q --suffix= aXXXXb', {EXIT=>1}],
      ['suffix7d', '-d --suffix=aXXXXb ""', {EXIT=>1},
-      {ERR=>"$prog: with --suffix, template `' must end in X\n"}],
+      {ERR=>"$prog: with --suffix, template '' must end in X\n"}],
 
      ['suffix8f', 'aXXXX --suffix=b', {OUT=>"aZZZZb\n"},
       {OUT_SUBST=>'s,^a....,aZZZZ,'},
@@ -167,9 +167,9 @@ my @Tests =
        . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}],
 
      ['suffix10f', 'aXXb', {EXIT => 1},
-      {ERR=>"$prog: too few X's in template `aXXb'\n"}],
+      {ERR=>"$prog: too few X's in template 'aXXb'\n"}],
      ['suffix10d', '-d --suffix=X aXX', {EXIT => 1},
-      {ERR=>"$prog: too few X's in template `aXXX'\n"}],
+      {ERR=>"$prog: too few X's in template 'aXXX'\n"}],
 
      ['suffix11f', '--suffix=.txt', {OUT=>"./tmp.ZZZZZZZZZZ.txt\n"},
       {ENV=>"TMPDIR=."},
diff --git a/tests/misc/nohup b/tests/misc/nohup
index e20a22c70..0fa1f3dc0 100755
--- a/tests/misc/nohup
+++ b/tests/misc/nohup
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ rm -f nohup.out err exp
 # change depending on whether stderr is redirected.
 nohup sh -c 'echo stdout; echo stderr 1>&2' >out || fail=1
 if test -t 2; then
-  test "`cat out|tr '\n' -`" = stdout-stderr- || fail=1
+  test "'cat out|tr '\n' -`" = stdout-stderr- || fail=1
 else
-  test "`cat out|tr '\n' -`" = stdout- || fail=1
+  test "'cat out|tr '\n' -`" = stdout- || fail=1
 fi
 # It must *not* exist.
 test -f nohup.out && fail=1
diff --git a/tests/misc/od b/tests/misc/od
index 75ff2f159..46d4601d6 100755
--- a/tests/misc/od
+++ b/tests/misc/od
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ my $proc_file = '/proc/version';
 # Count the bytes in $proc_file, _by reading_.
 my $len = 0;
 open FH, '<', $proc_file
-  or die "$program_name: can't open `$proc_file' for reading: $!\n";
+  or die "$program_name: can't open '$proc_file' for reading: $!\n";
 while (defined (my $line = <FH>))
   {
     $len += length $line;
diff --git a/tests/misc/printf-cov b/tests/misc/printf-cov
index c3a6861d6..64f2d95bb 100755
--- a/tests/misc/printf-cov
+++ b/tests/misc/printf-cov
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ my @Tests =
     {OUT=>"inaccurate"}, {OUT_SUBST => 's/\d+/inaccurate/'},
     {ERR=>"$prog: 9...9\n"}, {ERR_SUBST => 's/9+.*/9...9/'}],
   ['excess', 'B 1', {OUT=>'B'},
-    {ERR=>"$prog: warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with `1'\n"}],
+    {ERR=>"$prog: warning: ignoring excess arguments, starting with '1'\n"}],
   ['percent', '%%', {OUT=>'%'}],
   ['d-sp',    q('% d' 33), {OUT=>' 33'}],
   ['d-plus',  q('%+d' 33), {OUT=>'+33'}],
diff --git a/tests/misc/seq b/tests/misc/seq
index 05770b0da..3ea869f62 100755
--- a/tests/misc/seq
+++ b/tests/misc/seq
@@ -82,20 +82,20 @@ my @Tests =
 
    # In coreutils-[6.0..6.9], this would mistakenly succeed and print "%Lg".
    ['fmt-c',	qw(-f %%g 1), {EXIT => 1},
-    {ERR => "seq: format `%%g' has no % directive\n"}],
+    {ERR => "seq: format '%%g' has no % directive\n"}],
 
    # In coreutils-6.9..6.10, this would fail with an erroneous diagnostic:
    # "seq: memory exhausted".  In coreutils-6.0..6.8, it would mistakenly
    # succeed and print a blank line.
    ['fmt-eos1', qw(-f % 1), {EXIT => 1},
-    {ERR => "seq: format `%' ends in %\n"}],
+    {ERR => "seq: format '%' ends in %\n"}],
    ['fmt-eos2', qw(-f %g% 1), {EXIT => 1},
-    {ERR => "seq: format `%g%' has too many % directives\n"}],
+    {ERR => "seq: format '%g%' has too many % directives\n"}],
 
    ['fmt-d',	qw(-f "" 1), {EXIT => 1},
-    {ERR => "seq: format `' has no % directive\n"}],
+    {ERR => "seq: format '' has no % directive\n"}],
    ['fmt-e',	qw(-f %g%g 1), {EXIT => 1},
-    {ERR => "seq: format `%g%g' has too many % directives\n"}],
+    {ERR => "seq: format '%g%g' has too many % directives\n"}],
 
    # With coreutils-6.12 and earlier, with a UTF8 numeric locale that uses
    # something other than "." as the decimal point, this use of seq would
diff --git a/tests/misc/sha1sum-vec b/tests/misc/sha1sum-vec
index 4c7c06afd..d7b5e0d8e 100755
--- a/tests/misc/sha1sum-vec
+++ b/tests/misc/sha1sum-vec
@@ -495,8 +495,8 @@ sub binary_expand ($$)
   defined $n && defined $b or die "$test_name: too few args\n";
   my @a = split ' ', $rest, $n + 1;
   my $caret = pop @a;
-  $caret eq '^' or die "test $test_name: @a missing `^'\n";
-  $b eq '1' || $b eq '0' or die "test $test_name: bad `b'=$b\n";
+  $caret eq '^' or die "test $test_name: @a missing '^'\n";
+  $b eq '1' || $b eq '0' or die "test $test_name: bad 'b'=$b\n";
   my $n_bad = @a;
   @a == $n or
     die "test $test_name: wrong number of args (expected $n, found $n_bad)\n";
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort b/tests/misc/sort
index ea27faa25..5be00a017 100755
--- a/tests/misc/sort
+++ b/tests/misc/sort
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ my @Tests =
 ["h6", '-h', {IN=>"1GiB\n1030MiB\n"}, {OUT=>"1030MiB\n1GiB\n"}],
 # check option incompatibility
 ["h7", '-hn', {IN=>""}, {OUT=>""}, {EXIT=>2},
- {ERR=>"$prog: options `-hn' are incompatible\n"}],
+ {ERR=>"$prog: options '-hn' are incompatible\n"}],
 # check key processing
 ["h8", '-n -k2,2h', {IN=>"1 1E\n2 2M\n"}, {OUT=>"2 2M\n1 1E\n"}],
 # SI and IEC prefixes on separate keys allowed
@@ -105,13 +105,13 @@ my @Tests =
 ["03c", '-k1 -k2', {IN=>"A b\nA a\n"}, {OUT=>"A a\nA b\n"}],
 # Fail with a diagnostic when -k specifies field == 0.
 ["03d", '-k0', {EXIT=>2},
- {ERR=>"$prog: -: invalid field specification `0'\n"},
+ {ERR=>"$prog: -: invalid field specification '0'\n"},
   $normalize_filename],
 # Fail with a diagnostic when -k specifies character == 0.
 ["03e", '-k1.0', {EXIT=>2},
- {ERR=>"$prog: character offset is zero: invalid field specification `1.0'\n"}],
+ {ERR=>"$prog: character offset is zero: invalid field specification '1.0'\n"}],
 ["03f", '-k1.1,-k0', {EXIT=>2},
- {ERR=>"$prog: invalid number after `,': invalid count at start of `-k0'\n"}],
+ {ERR=>"$prog: invalid number after ',': invalid count at start of '-k0'\n"}],
 # This is ok.
 ["03g", '-k1.1,1.0', {IN=>''}],
 # This is equivalent to 3f.
@@ -158,10 +158,10 @@ my @Tests =
 #
 # report an error for '.' without following char spec
 ["08a", '-k 2.,3', {EXIT=>2},
- {ERR=>"$prog: invalid number after `.': invalid count at start of `,3'\n"}],
+ {ERR=>"$prog: invalid number after '.': invalid count at start of ',3'\n"}],
 # report an error for ',' without following POS2
 ["08b", '-k 2,', {EXIT=>2},
- {ERR=>"$prog: invalid number after `,': invalid count at start of `'\n"}],
+ {ERR=>"$prog: invalid number after ',': invalid count at start of ''\n"}],
 #
 # Test new -g option.
 ["09a", '-g', {IN=>"1e2\n2e1\n"}, {OUT=>"2e1\n1e2\n"}],
@@ -334,19 +334,19 @@ my @Tests =
 
 # Specifying incompatible options should evoke a failure.
 ["incompat1", '-in', {EXIT=>2},
- {ERR=>"$prog: options `-in' are incompatible\n"}],
+ {ERR=>"$prog: options '-in' are incompatible\n"}],
 ["incompat2", '-nR', {EXIT=>2},
- {ERR=>"$prog: options `-nR' are incompatible\n"}],
+ {ERR=>"$prog: options '-nR' are incompatible\n"}],
 ["incompat3", '-dfgiMnR', {EXIT=>2},
- {ERR=>"$prog: options `-dfgMnR' are incompatible\n"}],
+ {ERR=>"$prog: options '-dfgMnR' are incompatible\n"}],
 ["incompat4", qw(-c -o /dev/null), {EXIT=>2},
- {ERR=>"$prog: options `-co' are incompatible\n"}],
+ {ERR=>"$prog: options '-co' are incompatible\n"}],
 ["incompat5", qw(-C -o /dev/null), {EXIT=>2},
- {ERR=>"$prog: options `-Co' are incompatible\n"}],
+ {ERR=>"$prog: options '-Co' are incompatible\n"}],
 ["incompat6", '-cC', {EXIT=>2},
- {ERR=>"$prog: options `-cC' are incompatible\n"}],
+ {ERR=>"$prog: options '-cC' are incompatible\n"}],
 ["incompat7", qw(--sort=random -n), {EXIT=>2},
- {ERR=>"$prog: options `-nR' are incompatible\n"}],
+ {ERR=>"$prog: options '-nR' are incompatible\n"}],
 
 # -t '\0' is accepted, as of coreutils-5.0.91
 ['nul-tab', "-k2,2 -t '\\0'",
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-compress b/tests/misc/sort-compress
index 09d6720d8..9a4b9f622 100755
--- a/tests/misc/sort-compress
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-compress
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ EOF
 
 chmod +x gzip
 
-# Ensure 'sort` is immune to parent's SIGCHLD handler
+# Ensure 'sort' is immune to parent's SIGCHLD handler
 # Use a subshell and an exec to work around a bug in FreeBSD 5.0 /bin/sh.
 (
   # ash doesn't support "trap '' CHLD"; it knows only signal numbers.
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-files0-from b/tests/misc/sort-files0-from
index 1b362ac45..6aa10acc1 100755
--- a/tests/misc/sort-files0-from
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-files0-from
@@ -30,14 +30,14 @@ my @Tests =
   (
    # invalid extra command line argument
    ['f-extra-arg', '--files0-from=- no-such', {IN=>"a"}, {EXIT=>2},
-    {ERR => "$prog: extra operand `no-such'\n"
+    {ERR => "$prog: extra operand 'no-such'\n"
         . "file operands cannot be combined with --files0-from\n"
         . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}
     ],
 
    # missing input file
    ['missing', '--files0-from=missing', {EXIT=>2},
-    {ERR => "$prog: cannot open `missing' for reading: "
+    {ERR => "$prog: cannot open 'missing' for reading: "
      . "No such file or directory\n"}],
 
    # input file name of '-'
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ my @Tests =
 
    # empty input, from non-regular file
    ['empty-nonreg', '--files0-from=/dev/null', {EXIT=>2},
-    {ERR => "$prog: no input from `/dev/null'\n"}],
+    {ERR => "$prog: no input from '/dev/null'\n"}],
 
    # one NUL
    ['nul-1', '--files0-from=-', '<', {IN=>"\0"}, {EXIT=>2},
diff --git a/tests/misc/sort-merge b/tests/misc/sort-merge
index 3303d10af..8cdde1875 100755
--- a/tests/misc/sort-merge
+++ b/tests/misc/sort-merge
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ my @Tests =
 
      # check validation of --batch-size option
      ['nmerge-0', "-m --batch-size=0", @inputs,
-        {ERR=>"$prog: invalid --batch-size argument `0'\n".
-              "$prog: minimum --batch-size argument is `2'\n"}, {EXIT=>2}],
+        {ERR=>"$prog: invalid --batch-size argument '0'\n".
+              "$prog: minimum --batch-size argument is '2'\n"}, {EXIT=>2}],
 
      ['nmerge-1', "-m --batch-size=1", @inputs,
-        {ERR=>"$prog: invalid --batch-size argument `1'\n".
-              "$prog: minimum --batch-size argument is `2'\n"}, {EXIT=>2}],
+        {ERR=>"$prog: invalid --batch-size argument '1'\n".
+              "$prog: minimum --batch-size argument is '2'\n"}, {EXIT=>2}],
 
      ['nmerge-neg', "-m --batch-size=-1", @inputs,
         {ERR=>"$prog: invalid --batch-size argument '-1'\n"}, {EXIT=>2}],
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ my @Tests =
 
      ['nmerge-big', "-m --batch-size=$bigint", @inputs,
         {ERR_SUBST=>'s/(current rlimit is) \d+/$1/'},
-        {ERR=>"$prog: --batch-size argument `$bigint' too large\n".
+        {ERR=>"$prog: --batch-size argument '$bigint' too large\n".
               "$prog: maximum --batch-size argument with current rlimit is\n"},
         {EXIT=>2}],
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ my @Tests =
      # temp files are needed
      ['nmerge-no', "-m --batch-size=2 -T$badtmp", @inputs,
         {ERR_SUBST=>"s|': .*|':|"},
-        {ERR=>"$prog: cannot create temporary file in `$badtmp':\n"},
+        {ERR=>"$prog: cannot create temporary file in '$badtmp':\n"},
         {EXIT=>2}],
 
      # This used to fail because setting batch-size without also setting
diff --git a/tests/misc/stdbuf b/tests/misc/stdbuf
index 99bb24300..bf4edc179 100755
--- a/tests/misc/stdbuf
+++ b/tests/misc/stdbuf
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ retry_delay_ stdbuf_unbuffer .1 6 || fail=1
 #  One could remove the need for dd (used to close the fifo to get uniq to quit
 #  early), if head -n1 read stdin char by char. Note uniq | head -c2 doesn't
 #  suffice due to the buffering implicit in the pipe.  sed currently does read
-#  stdin char by char, so we can test with 'sed 1q`.  However I'm wary about
+#  stdin char by char, so we can test with 'sed 1q'.  However I'm wary about
 #  adding this dependency on a program outside of coreutils.
     # printf '2\n' > exp
     # printf '1\n2\n' | (stdbuf -i0 sed 1q >/dev/null; cat) > out
diff --git a/tests/misc/tac b/tests/misc/tac
index 48c872f62..077cc0c9d 100755
--- a/tests/misc/tac
+++ b/tests/misc/tac
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ my @Tests =
   ['pipe-bad-tmpdir',
    {ENV => "TMPDIR=$bad_dir"},
    {IN_PIPE => "a\n"},
-   {ERR_SUBST => "s,`$bad_dir': .*,...,"},
+   {ERR_SUBST => "s,'$bad_dir': .*,...,"},
    {ERR => "$prog: failed to create temporary file in ...\n"},
    {EXIT => 1}],
 
diff --git a/tests/misc/tail b/tests/misc/tail
index 910297664..41c2f9a99 100755
--- a/tests/misc/tail
+++ b/tests/misc/tail
@@ -56,13 +56,13 @@ my @tv = (
 ['obs-b', '-b', "x\n" x (512 * 10 / 2 + 1), "x\n" x (512 * 10 / 2), 0],
 
 ['err-1', '+cl', '', '', 1,
- "$prog: cannot open `+cl' for reading: No such file or directory\n"],
+ "$prog: cannot open '+cl' for reading: No such file or directory\n"],
 
 ['err-2', '-cl', '', '', 1,
  "$prog: l: invalid number of bytes\n"],
 
 ['err-3', '+2cz', '', '', 1,
- "$prog: cannot open `+2cz' for reading: No such file or directory\n"],
+ "$prog: cannot open '+2cz' for reading: No such file or directory\n"],
 
 # This should get 'tail: invalid option -- 2'
 ['err-4', '-2cX', '', '', 1,
diff --git a/tests/misc/test b/tests/misc/test
index aad07d057..ac30c3790 100755
--- a/tests/misc/test
+++ b/tests/misc/test
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ my @Tests =
   ['lt-5', "$limits->{INTMAX_UFLOW} -lt $limits->{UINTMAX_OFLOW}"],
 
   ['inv-1', qw(0x0 -eq 00), {EXIT=>2},
-   {ERR=>"$prog: invalid integer `0x0'\n"}],
+   {ERR=>"$prog: invalid integer '0x0'\n"}],
 
   ['t1', "-t"],
   ['t2', qw(-t 1), {EXIT=>1}],
diff --git a/tests/misc/test-diag b/tests/misc/test-diag
index c6e15cf47..9c0ce227f 100755
--- a/tests/misc/test-diag
+++ b/tests/misc/test-diag
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ my $prog = "$ENV{abs_top_builddir}/src/test";
 my @Tests =
     (
      # In coreutils-5.93, this diagnostic lacked the newline.
-     ['o', '-o arg', {ERR => "test: extra argument `-o'\n"},
+     ['o', '-o arg', {ERR => "test: extra argument '-o'\n"},
       {ERR_SUBST => 's!^.*:!test:!'},
       {EXIT => 2}],
     );
diff --git a/tests/misc/timeout b/tests/misc/timeout
index cc1ad3d6e..d69e2f21b 100755
--- a/tests/misc/timeout
+++ b/tests/misc/timeout
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ test $? = 124 || fail=1
 timeout -s0 -k1 1 sleep 10
 test $? = 124 && fail=1
 
-# Ensure 'timeout` is immune to parent's SIGCHLD handler
+# Ensure 'timeout' is immune to parent's SIGCHLD handler
 # Use a subshell and an exec to work around a bug in FreeBSD 5.0 /bin/sh.
 (
   # ash doesn't support "trap '' CHLD"; it knows only signal numbers.
diff --git a/tests/misc/tr b/tests/misc/tr
index ba6e943c8..89f777757 100755
--- a/tests/misc/tr
+++ b/tests/misc/tr
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ my @Tests =
   ['rep-3', qw('a[b*513]c' '1[x*]2'), {IN=>'abc'}, {OUT=>'1x2'}],
   # Another couple octal repeat count tests.
   ['o-rep-1', qw('[b*08]' '[x*]'), {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
-   {ERR=>"$prog: invalid repeat count `08' in [c*n] construct\n"}],
+   {ERR=>"$prog: invalid repeat count '08' in [c*n] construct\n"}],
   ['o-rep-2', qw('[b*010]cd' '[a*7]BC[x*]'), {IN=>'bcd'}, {OUT=>'BCx'}],
 
   ['esc', qw('a\-z' A-Z), {IN=>'abc-z'}, {OUT=>'AbcBC'}],
@@ -141,9 +141,9 @@ my @Tests =
   # Ensure that these fail.
   # Prior to 2.0.20, each would evoke a failed assertion.
   ['empty-eq', qw('[==]' x), {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
-   {ERR=>"$prog: missing equivalence class character `[==]'\n"}],
+   {ERR=>"$prog: missing equivalence class character '[==]'\n"}],
   ['empty-cc', qw('[::]' x), {IN=>''}, {OUT=>''}, {EXIT=>1},
-   {ERR=>"$prog: missing character class name `[::]'\n"}],
+   {ERR=>"$prog: missing character class name '[::]'\n"}],
 
   # Weird repeat counts.
   ['repeat-bs-9', qw(abc '[b*\9]'), {IN=>'abcd'}, {OUT=>'[b*d'}],
diff --git a/tests/misc/tsort b/tests/misc/tsort
index 88fcec50a..6f41cc07a 100755
--- a/tests/misc/tsort
+++ b/tests/misc/tsort
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ my @Tests =
 
    ['only-one', {IN => {f => ""}}, {IN => {g => ""}},
     {EXIT => 1},
-    {ERR => "tsort: extra operand `g'\n"
+    {ERR => "tsort: extra operand 'g'\n"
      . "Try 'tsort --help' for more information.\n"}],
   );
 
diff --git a/tests/misc/tty-eof b/tests/misc/tty-eof
index eaaec35c8..d6c4a7714 100755
--- a/tests/misc/tty-eof
+++ b/tests/misc/tty-eof
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ $@
       my $exp = new Expect;
       $exp->log_user(0);
       $exp->spawn("$cmd 2> $stderr")
-        or (warn "$ME: cannot run `$cmd': $!\n"), $fail=1, next;
+        or (warn "$ME: cannot run '$cmd': $!\n"), $fail=1, next;
       # No input for cut -f2.
       $cmd =~ /^cut/
         or $exp->send("a b\n");
diff --git a/tests/misc/wc-files0-from b/tests/misc/wc-files0-from
index ac96c98d4..0f99aeeb6 100755
--- a/tests/misc/wc-files0-from
+++ b/tests/misc/wc-files0-from
@@ -30,14 +30,14 @@ my @Tests =
   (
    # invalid extra command line argument
    ['f-extra-arg', '--files0-from=- no-such', {IN=>"a"}, {EXIT=>1},
-    {ERR => "$prog: extra operand `no-such'\n"
+    {ERR => "$prog: extra operand 'no-such'\n"
         . "file operands cannot be combined with --files0-from\n"
         . "Try '$prog --help' for more information.\n"}
     ],
 
    # missing input file
    ['missing', '--files0-from=missing', {EXIT=>1},
-    {ERR => "$prog: cannot open `missing' for reading: "
+    {ERR => "$prog: cannot open 'missing' for reading: "
      . "No such file or directory\n"}],
 
    # input file name of '-'
diff --git a/tests/misc/xstrtol b/tests/misc/xstrtol
index bdc7bff28..fa0056fcd 100755
--- a/tests/misc/xstrtol
+++ b/tests/misc/xstrtol
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ my @Tests =
     {ERR=>"$prog: invalid --pages argument 'x'\n"}],
 
    ['inv-pg-range', "--pages=9x", {EXIT => 1},
-    {ERR=>"$prog: invalid page range `9x'\n"}],
+    {ERR=>"$prog: invalid page range '9x'\n"}],
   );
 
 my $save_temps = $ENV{DEBUG};
diff --git a/tests/mv/hard-3 b/tests/mv/hard-3
index 9a7a2a376..1a1f82fff 100755
--- a/tests/mv/hard-3
+++ b/tests/mv/hard-3
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/bin/sh
-# Ensure that using `cp --preserve=link' to copy hard-linked arguments
+# Ensure that using 'cp --preserve=link' to copy hard-linked arguments
 # onto existing destinations works, even when one of the link operations fails.
 
 # Copyright (C) 2003, 2006-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
diff --git a/tests/mv/i-1 b/tests/mv/i-1
index 20b6ad7b9..5895137da 100755
--- a/tests/mv/i-1
+++ b/tests/mv/i-1
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ my @Tests =
      # Make sure a 'n' reply to 'mv -i...' aborts the move operation.
      [$test_a, '-i',
       {IN => {src => "a\n"}}, {IN => {dst => "b\n"}}, '<', {IN => "n\n"},
-      {ERR => "mv: overwrite `dst'? "},
+      {ERR => "mv: overwrite 'dst'? "},
       {POST => sub { -r 'src' or die "test $test_a failed\n"}},
       {EXIT => 0},
      ],
diff --git a/tests/pr/pr-tests b/tests/pr/pr-tests
index de1061225..2a333dc1e 100755
--- a/tests/pr/pr-tests
+++ b/tests/pr/pr-tests
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ my @tv = (
 ['14g', '-2 -S -f', [\'t_notab'], [\'2-Sf-t_notab'], 0],
 # full lines, no truncation /  separator = TAB :  (Input: -S"<TAB>")
 ['14h', '-2 -S"	" -J -f', [\'t_notab'], [\'2sf-t_notab'], 0],
-# columns, truncated = 72   /  separator `:' :
+# columns, truncated = 72   /  separator ':' :
 ['14i', '-2 -S: -f', [\'t_notab'], [\'2-S_f-t_notab'], 0],
 # full lines, no truncation /  separator = `:' :
 ['14j', '-2 -S: -J -f', [\'t_notab'], [\'2s_f-t_notab'], 0],
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ my @tv = (
 ['col-long', '-W3 -t -1 --columns=2',     "a\nb\nc\n", "a c\nb\n", 0],
 # Make sure these fail.
 ['col-0', '-0', '', '', 1,
- "$prog: invalid number of columns: `0'\n"],
+ "$prog: invalid number of columns: '0'\n"],
 ['col-inval', '-'.'9'x100, '', '', 1,
  "$prog: invalid number of columns: `". ('9'x100) ."'\n"],
 
diff --git a/tests/rm/deep-1 b/tests/rm/deep-1
index c3632dd62..ee7ebe338 100755
--- a/tests/rm/deep-1
+++ b/tests/rm/deep-1
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ k200=$k20$k20$k20$k20$k20$k20$k20$k20$k20$k20
 k_deep=$k200$k200
 
 t=t
-# Create a directory in $t with lots of `k' components.
+# Create a directory in $t with lots of 'k' components.
 deep=$t$k_deep
 mkdir -p $deep || fail=1
 
diff --git a/tests/rm/empty-name b/tests/rm/empty-name
index 192a60b4b..bb8307a50 100755
--- a/tests/rm/empty-name
+++ b/tests/rm/empty-name
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ my @Tests =
      # test-name options input expected-output
      #
      ['empty-name-1', "''", {EXIT => 1},
-      {ERR => "$prog: cannot remove `': No such file or directory\n"}],
+      {ERR => "$prog: cannot remove '': No such file or directory\n"}],
 
      ['empty-name-2', "a '' b", {EXIT => 1},
-      {ERR => "$prog: cannot remove `': No such file or directory\n"},
+      {ERR => "$prog: cannot remove '': No such file or directory\n"},
       {PRE => sub { mk_file qw(a b) }},
       {POST => sub {-f 'a' || -f 'b' and die "a or b remain\n" }},
      ],
diff --git a/tests/rm/fail-eperm b/tests/rm/fail-eperm
index 0b3e6dc3e..b51cdc77c 100755
--- a/tests/rm/fail-eperm
+++ b/tests/rm/fail-eperm
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ foreach my $dir (@dir_list)
             # expected exit code and diagnostic.
             my $cmd = "$rm -f -- $target_file";
             open RM, "$cmd 2>&1 |"
-              or die "$ME: cannot execute `$cmd'\n";
+              or die "$ME: cannot execute '$cmd'\n";
 
             my $line = <RM>;
 
@@ -99,27 +99,27 @@ foreach my $dir (@dir_list)
             if ($rc == 0)
               {
                 next if ! -e $target_file;
-                die "$ME: unexpected exit status from `$cmd';\n"
+                die "$ME: unexpected exit status from '$cmd';\n"
                   . "  got 0, expected 1\n";
               }
             if (0x80 < $rc)
               {
                 my $status = $rc >> 8;
                 $status == 1
-                  or die "$ME: unexpected exit status from `$cmd';\n"
+                  or die "$ME: unexpected exit status from '$cmd';\n"
                     . "  got $status, expected 1\n";
               }
             else
               {
                 # Terminated by a signal.
                 my $sig_num = $rc & 0x7F;
-                die "$ME: command `$cmd' died with signal $sig_num\n";
+                die "$ME: command '$cmd' died with signal $sig_num\n";
               }
 
-            my $exp = "rm: cannot remove `$target_file':";
+            my $exp = "rm: cannot remove '$target_file':";
             $line
-              or die "$ME: no output from `$cmd';\n"
-                . "expected something like `$exp ...'\n";
+              or die "$ME: no output from '$cmd';\n"
+                . "expected something like '$exp ...'\n";
 
             # Transform the actual diagnostic so that it starts with "rm:".
             # Depending on your system, it might be "rm:" already, or
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ foreach my $dir (@dir_list)
 
             my $regex = quotemeta $exp;
             $line =~ /^$regex/
-              or die "$ME: unexpected diagnostic from `$cmd';\n"
+              or die "$ME: unexpected diagnostic from '$cmd';\n"
                 . "  got      $line"
                 . "  expected $exp ...\n";
 
diff --git a/tests/rm/no-give-up b/tests/rm/no-give-up
index 690c5b617..2644c8afc 100755
--- a/tests/rm/no-give-up
+++ b/tests/rm/no-give-up
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ chown -R $NON_ROOT_USERNAME d || framework_failure_
 chmod go=x . || framework_failure_
 
 
-# This must fail, since `.' is not writable by $NON_ROOT_USERNAME.
+# This must fail, since '.' is not writable by $NON_ROOT_USERNAME.
 setuidgid $NON_ROOT_USERNAME env PATH="$PATH" rm -rf d 2>/dev/null && fail=1
 
 # d must remain.
diff --git a/tests/split/lines b/tests/split/lines
index 374a32fea..f4db729e5 100755
--- a/tests/split/lines
+++ b/tests/split/lines
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 #!/bin/sh
-# show that `split --lines=2' works.
+# show that 'split --lines=2' works.
 
 # Copyright (C) 2002, 2006-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
-- 
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