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A sync operation is very often expensive. For illustration
I timed the following python script which indicated that
each ext4 dir sync was taking about 2ms and 12ms, on an
SSD and traditional disk respectively.
import os
d=os.open(".", os.O_DIRECTORY|os.O_RDONLY)
for i in range(1000):
os.fdatasync(d)
So syncing for each character for each file can result
in significant delays. Often this overhead is redundant,
as only the data is sensitive and not the file name.
Even if the names are sensitive, your file system may
employ synchronous metadata updates, which also makes
explicit syncing redundant.
* tests/misc/shred-remove.sh: Ensure all the new parameters
actually unlink the file.
* doc/coreutils.texi (shred invocation): Describe the new
parameters to the --remove option.
* src/shred.c (Usage): Likewise.
(main): Parse the new options.
(wipename): Inspect the new enum to see which of
the now optional tasks to perform.
* NEWS: Mention the new feature.
* THANKS.in: Add reporter Joseph D. Wagner
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Previous behavior failed to read contents of a (re)appearing file,
when symlinked by tail's watched file. Also we now diagnose other
edge cases when running in inotify mode, where an initially
missing or regular file changes to a symlink.
* src/tail.c (main): If any arg is a symlink, use polling mode.
(recheck): Diagnose the edge case where a symlink appears during
inotify processing.
* tests/tail-2/symlink.sh: Test the fix. Mention the edge cases.
* tests/local.mk: Reference the new test.
* NEWS: Mention the fix.
Reported by: Ondrej Oprala
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* src/df.c (usage): Document the new 'file' --output field.
(get_dev): Add a new parameter to pass the specified
argument from the command line through. Use '-' if a
command line parameter is not being used.
* doc/coreutils.texi (df invocation): Describe the new 'file' field.
* tests/df/df-output.sh: Adjust all fields test, and
add a specific test for --output=file.
* NEWS: Mention the new feature.
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* src/timeout.c (cleanup): When calling settimeout() from
this signal handler, ensure we don't call out to error()
or gettext(), which are not async-signal-safe.
Also reset the errno which may be cleared by settimeout().
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* tests/local.mk (factor-tests:) Add -f to the mv command that
replaces any existing generated tests. This is required to avoid
prompts when root initially generates the tests, and they subsequently
need to be regenerated by a non root user.
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* src/sort.c: (async_safe_die): A new limited version of error(),
that outputs fixed strings and unconverted errnos to stderr.
This is safe to call in the limited context of a signal handler,
or in this particular case, between the fork() and exec() of
a multithreaded process.
(move_fd_or_die): Use the async_safe_die() rather than error().
(maybe_create_temp): Likewise.
(open_temp): Likewise.
Fixes http://bugs.gnu.org/15970
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* src/ls.c (usage): Mention -k only changes the display
for disk usage (directory total, and ls -s), and imply
that it can be overridden (by --block-size, and -h).
* doc/coreutils.texi (block size): Mention that ls -k
handling is different to other utilities.
Addresses http://bugs.gnu.org/14525
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* src/dircolors.hin: Add entry for the speed optimized 'lz4' compressor.
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Recent commit 2da7009d changed the error diagnostic of rm(1) trying
to remove "." or "..". Enhance the corresponding test.
* tests/rm/r-4.sh: Ensure rm(1) outputs the expected error diagnostic.
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With newer perl, "make syntax-check" issues many warnings like:
-i used with no filenames on the command line, reading from STDIN.
* cfg.mk (sc_check-AUTHORS): Remove the -i flag in the perl
invocation as it is reading from a pipe.
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The error diagnostic
"rm: cannot remove directory: '.'"
does not give the user a hint for the reason.
Issue a clearer error message.
* src/remove.c (rm_fts): Enhance the error diagnostic in the above
case to emphasize that skipping is done deliberately.
In the corresponding comment, mention that POSIX mandates this
behavior. Likewise in the subsequent comment for skipping "/".
* doc/coreutils.texi (rm invocation): In the paragraph describing
the above behavior, mention that POSIX mandates it.
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Fix a recent regression introduced in commit v8.21-127-g5ee7d8f
Also related to this is the recent query about root run `rm -I`
ignoring the mode bits of a file: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/1013171
* tests/rm/interactive-once.sh: Avoid the messages and
corresponding file presence checks with write protected files
when running as root.
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This adds support for using a constant or "stick" parity bit.
* src/stty.c (usage): Mention the new flag.
* tests/misc/stty.sh: Adjust for the new flag.
* NEWS: Mention the improvement.
* docs/coreutils.texi (stty invocation): Mention the new flag.
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Since the I/O overhead is significant to the relatively
simple processing done by this utility, use fputs() rather
than fputc() to output '\n'.
Time to process a 100MiB file was measured to
decrease from 0.417s to 0.383s, i.e. an 8% improvement.
Related to these changes, is a processing improvement in
gnulib, which increases throughput by 60% when processing
full buffers, which improves processing of a 100MiB file
with standard wrapped output, down to 0.256s.
http://git.sv.gnu.org/gitweb/?p=gnulib.git;a=commit;h=43fd1e7b
Also increase the encoding buffer size from 3 to 30KiB.
This was seen to give a further 8% improvement, taking
processing time down to 0.235s in the wrapped output case.
The decoding size buffer is not adjusted,
due to the noted caveat with --ignore-garbage.
* src/base64.c (BLOCKSIZE): Split into ENC_ and DEC_ variants,
with the former increased from 3KiB to 30KiB.
(wrap_write): Use the simpler fputc() rather than fputs()
to output the '\n' character. Also check against EOF
rather than < 0 for errors.
(do_encode): Likewise.
* NEWS: Mention the large increase in performance, which
with the I/O improvements in coreutils and the processing
improvement in gnulib, amount to about a 60% throughput increase.
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* src/shred.c (dopass): Exit early to avoid redundant heap
allocation, and more importantly avoiding a file sync
when we're writting no data, as this can have side effects.
Also with --verbose, this avoids printing of "pass status"
which could be confusing as to whether data was actually written.
* tests/misc/shred-passes.sh: Ensure the status for data
passes are not written when not doing any data writes.
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* src/shred.c (dopass): In the periodic pattern case increase the
I/O block size from 12KiB to 60KiB (also a multiple of 3 and 4096).
* NEWS: Adjust accordingly.
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Since direct I/O is now enabled with commit v8.21-139-gebaf961
we must handle the case where we write an odd size at the
end of a file (with --exact), or we specify an odd --size that
is larger than 64KiB, or in the very unlikely case of a device
with an odd size. This issue was present since direct I/O
support was first added in v5.3.0, but latent since v6.0.
Theoretically this could have also been an issue after that on
systems which didn't have alignment constraints, but did have
size constraints for direct I/O.
* src/shred.c (dopass): On the first pass for a file, always
retry a write that fails with EINVAL, so we handle direct I/O
failure at either the start or end of the file. Adjust the comment
as the original case is out of date and implicitly handled
by this more general fix.
* tests/misc/shred-exact.sh: Add a test case.
* NEWS: Add a "bug fix" entry for shred since there are
two related issues now fixed.
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* src/copy.c (create_hard_link): Add a bool 'dereference' parameter,
and pass AT_SYMLINK_FOLLOW as 'flags' to linkat() when dereference
is true.
(should_dereference): Add new 'bool' function to determine if a
file should be dereferenced or not.
(copy_internal): Use the above new should_dereference() and remember
its return value in a new local bool 'dereference' variable. Use that
in all three calls to create_hard_link().
* src/cp.c (main): after parsing the options, if x.dereference is
still DEFEF_UNDEFINED and the x.recursive is true, then only set
x.dereference to DEREF_NEVER iff --link was not specified.
* doc/coreutils.texi (cp invocation): Mention that cp(1) does not
follow symbolic links in the source when --link is specified.
Likewise in the description of the -R option when used together with
that option.
* tests/cp/same-file.sh: Adapt the expected results for the -fl,
the -bl and the -bfl tests.
* tests/cp/link-deref.sh: Add a new test.
* tests/local.mk (all_tests): Reference the above new test.
* NEWS (Changes in behavior): Mention the change.
This fixes http://bugs.gnu.org/15173
Co-authored-by: Bernhard Voelker <mail@bernhard-voelker.de>
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* src/shred.c (dopass): When not needing to write periodic patterns,
use a 64KiB block size to reduce the number of write system calls.
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Commit v5.92-1057-g43d487b introduced a regression
in coreutils 6.0 where it removed the page alignment
of the buffer to write, thus disabling direct I/O.
We want to use direct I/O when possible to avoid
impacting the page cache at least, as we know we don't
want to cache the data we're writing.
* src/shred.c (dopass): Allocate the buffer on the heap,
while using a more general calculation to allow to have
the output size independent from the fillpattern() size
constraint of a multiple of 3. Also we dispense with the
union as it's no longer needed given we're aligning on
a page boundary and thus don't need to explicitly handle
uint32_t alignment.
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* src/md5sum.c (usage): s/three/four/ in the message pertaining
to the --check related options. Also clarify that --strict
is just significant for the formatting of the checksum lines.
Also since we're changing both strings, move the --strict description
in with the description of the other options and order alphabetically.
* THANKS.in: Added reporter: Daniel Mach
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* src/md5sum.c (main): Add a comment as to why we continue
to escape names that do not have '\n' but do have '\\' chars.
(print_filename): Use the predetermined boolean to decide
whether to escape or not, so that in the common case we
can output the file name directly, rather than inspecting each char.
* tests/misc/md5sum.pl: Add case to show '\\' chars cause escaping.
* tests/misc/sha1sum.pl: Likewise.
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Although the above man pages depend on src/md5sum.c as a shared
source, the build of the man pages directly requires their own
executables to exist.
* man/local.mk (man/sha1sum.1): Change the dependency from
'src/md5sum' to 'src/sha1sum'.
(man/sha224sum.1): s/md5sum/sha224sum/
(man/sha256sum.1): s/md5sum/sha256sum/
(man/sha384sum.1): s/md5sum/sha384sum/
(man/sha512sum.1): s/md5sum/sha512sum/
Reported by Pádraig Brady in
http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/coreutils/2013-11/msg00006.html
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* src/dircolors.hin: Add putty-256color
Reported-by: Thomas D. <whissi@whissi.de>, via
http://bugs.gentoo.org/486786
Fixes http://bugs.gnu.org/15624
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* README-prereq: Update as per the latest required versions
in bootstrap.conf. Also add a missing cd command.
Reported by Aaron Davies
Fixes http://bugs.gnu.org/15612
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* src/cp.c (decode_preserve_arg):
Correct error message for invalid arguments of '--no-preserve'.
Reported by M.Vadkerti in http://bugzilla.redhat.com/1018206
Fixes http://bugs.gnu.org/15588
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* doc/coreutils.texi (cp invocation): Give more detail about what's
happening in the example, explicitly calling out the --no-dereference
option required to make the -H and -L options significant.
Also mention the option order significance of the -H and -L options.
Fixes http://bugs.gnu.org/15579
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* src/mktemp.c (main): Use an exit() strategy consistent with the
previous clauses dealing with optional error messages to ensure
we exit with the correct status in all cases.
Prompted by the continuous integration build failure at:
http://hydra.nixos.org/build/6412979
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The reason for having a --quiet option is to
suppress only some subset of possible errors.
The most useful separation here is with usage/internal errors,
and errors due to file creation etc. (i.e. I/O errors).
* src/mktemp.c (main): Match the --help and info docs and
only suppress the file/dir creation error messages.
* tests/misc/mktemp.pl: Adjust accordingly.
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* src/mktemp.c (usage): Synchronize the -p option description with
the logic and info docs. I.E. that -p is just an alias of --tmpdir.
Also for consistency treat --tmpdir='' the same with or without -t.
I.E. always ignore the --tmpdir option if the param is empty.
Fixes http://bugs.gnu.org/15425
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* doc/coreutils.texi (paste invocation): Move the synopsis to the top.
Provide examples for the different type of operations possible.
Add a specific common example to join consecutive lines with a space.
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This regression was introduced in commit v6.7-71-g0928c24
* src/rm.c (main): Make the -I option behave like --interactive=once.
* tests/rm/interactive-once.sh: Add cases for single and multiple files.
* NEWS: Mention the bug fix.
Fixes http://bugs.gnu.org/9308
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* tests/misc/id-context.sh -> tests/id/context.sh
* tests/misc/id-setgid.sh -> tests/id/setgid.sh
* tests/misc/id-uid.sh -> tests/id/uid.sh
* tests/misc/id-zero.sh -> tests/id/zero.sh
* tests/local.mk: Reference the renamed tests
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* tests/misc/chroot-credentials.sh: Don't assume uid 0
has the "root" name, nor any name for that matter.
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* src/chown.c (main): Since "name" parameters to parse_user_spec()
are now optional, just pass NULL for those unused parameters.
* src/chroot.c (main): Likewise.
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* src/id.c (usage): Remove 'name' from the synopsis,
implying that one can also specify by user ID.
(main): Like chown(1), call parse_user_spec() to implement
user name or ID lookup with appropriate precedence.
* doc/coreutils.texi (id invocation): Mention that
a user ID is supported and how '+' affects lookup order.
* tests/misc/id-groups.sh: Remove test now subsumed into...
* tests/misc/id-uid.sh: New test covering new interface.
* tests/local.mk: Rename the test.
* NEWS: Mention the new feature.
Addresses http://bugs.gnu.org/15421
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Notes tests/init.sh is still in sync with gnulib.
* bootstrap: Update to latest.
* gnulib: Sync many fixes/changes, including:
a fix for http://bugs.gnu.org/15066
and preparation for http://bugs.gnu.org/15421
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* tests/misc/id-zero.sh: Don't check exit status when in -n mode.
Prompted by the continuous integration build failure at:
http://hydra.nixos.org/build/6196762
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* src/group-list.h (print_group_list): Add a parameter for the
delimiter of type char.
* src/group-list.c (print_group_list): Likewise, and use it instead
of a white space character to delimit the group entries.
* src/groups.c (main): Pass white space character to print_group_list().
* src/id.c (longopts): Add array element for the new long option.
(usage): Document the new option. While at it, fix the alignment
of the descriptions to match that of HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION.
(main): Define the bool flag opt_zero indicating the use of the
new option. In the getopt_long loop, handle it.
Output an error diagnostic in the case the --zero option has been
specified together with the default format.
In the case of -gG, pass either a NUL or a white space character to
print_group_list() - depending on the above new flag.
Likewise change the printing of the final newline character: output
a NUL instead if the --zero option has been specified.
* doc/coreutils.texi (id invocation): Document the new option.
While at it, move the @exitstatus macro down after the macro
@primaryAndSupplementaryGroups in order to be consistent with
other texinfo documents.
(groups invocation): Move @exitstatus down after the macro
@primaryAndSupplementaryGroups here, too.
* tests/misc/id-zero.sh: Add new test exercising the new option.
* tests/local.mk (all_tests): Reference it.
* NEWS (New features): Mention the new option.
Fixes http://bugs.gnu.org/9987
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Commit cde1ea0e separated the coreutils-specific patches from help2man.
Most changes had been made to accommodate to the coreutils style guide,
i.e., to avoid syntax-check failures like sc_long_lines.
Yet 2 changes had to be put into the patch help2man.diff.
But this added the dependency to patch(1) in distribution builds.
Incidentally, the 2 remaining parts of the patch can easily be
done outside of help2man. Therefore, this commit partly reverts
the recent separation of help2man into 'help2man.in' and
'help2man.diff', and instead uses the original help2man script.
* man/help2man.in: Rename to ...
* man/help2man: ... this file.
* man/help2man.diff: Remove.
* man/local.mk (mandeps): Remove man/help2man.
(man/help2man): Remove recipe.
(.x.1): Add the --info-page option when calling help2man in order
to change the name of the texinfo manual from the default, "info PRG",
to "info coreutils 'PRG invocation'".
Furthermore, use an sed pattern to remove the sentence starting
with "For complete documentation".
* .gitignore (/man/help2man): Remove entry.
* .x-update-copyright: Replace the entries for the files
'man/help2man.diff' and 'man/help2man.in' by 'man/help2man'.
* cfg.mk (sc_long_lines): Instead of 'man/help2man.in', exempt
'man/help2man' from this test.
(sc_po_check): Likewise.
(sc_space_tab): Instead of 'man/help2man.diff', exempt 'man/help2man'
from this test.
(sc_trailing_blank): Likewise.
(sc_prohibit_tab_based_indentation): Instead of 'man/help2man.in' and
'man/help2man.diff', exempt 'man/help2man'.
* man/dummy-man: Recognize the option --info-page=... as no-op.
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Prompted by the continuous integration build failure at:
http://hydra.nixos.org/build/6038769
The previously committed 'help2man' requires a Perl module
which does not seem to be installed everywhere - and which
is not needed for our purposes:
Can't locate Locale/gettext.pm in @INC
BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at ./man/help2man line 28.
This module was pulled in automatically by the default configure call.
Use the NLS-disabled version instead.
* man/help2man.in: Use help2man configured with the --disable-nls
option to avoid the dependency to the above Perl module.
* man/help2man.diff: Adapt the line numbers of the hunks in the
coreutils-specific patch for help2man to apply without fuzz.
Reported by Pádraig Brady.
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The patch was corrupted in commit v8.21-50-g7b65f8e
* gl/modules/tempname.diff: Fix the offsets so that the patch
applies cleanly. Note that this was only apparent with patch < 2.6.
With patch >= 2.6, patch will not indicate an error applying
the second hunk of the patch and silently ignore it.
I double checked that all patches now apply cleanly by adjusting
gnulib-tool to run patch with --fuzz=0 which might be advisable
going forward, even on a per project basis.
The silent ignoring of hunks by newer patch(1) has been reported.
Fixes http://bugs.gnu.org/15255
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Instead of diverging further from the upstream GNU help2man project
(http://www.gnu.org/software/help2man/), hold a copy of the original
script and keep track of our changes in a separate patch file.
The man pages created with the new version show the following,
non-invasive differences:
a) command options in the EXAMPLE sections are no longer in bold format,
b) file names are underlined now consistently.
* man/help2man: Rename to ...
* man/help2man.in: ... this file, and update content from the
upstream GNU help2man project.
* man/help2man.diff: Add patch file for help2man to remove the
sentence "For complete documentation ..." (see commit 5d4f09d8),
and to emit "info coreutils 'PROG invocation'" into the man
pages (77abf69a).
* man/local.mk (mandeps): Add help2man to the dependencies of
the man pages.
(man/help2man): Add rule to generate this script from the upstream
help2man.in file and the help2man.diff patch.
* .gitignore: Add man/help2man as it is no longer version controlled.
* cfg.mk (sc_long_lines): Exempt help2man.in from this check.
(sc_po_check): Likewise.
(sc_space_tab): Likewise.
(sc_trailing_blank): Exempt man/help2man.diff from this check.
(sc_prohibit_tab_based_indentation): Instead of help2man, now exempt
both help2man.in and help2man.diff from this test.
* .x-update-copyright: Add new file and add the above new help2man
files as well as the COPYING file.
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If there is an error reading a directory that was referenced
through recursion, rather than directly on the command line,
then exit with the "less serious" exit code, rather than the
"serious" exit code reserved for command line arguments.
This issue was introduced in commit v5.2.1-1908-gb58dea5
* src/ls.c (print_dir): Ensure that the command_line_arg param
is false for directories being recursed into.
* NEWS: Mention the bug fix.
Fixes http://bugs.gnu.org/15249
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* src/copy.c (copy_internal): Change mention of the removed --reply=no
option, to the similar in this context --no-clobber.
* src/sort.c: SI and IEC suffixes can now be mixed when --human-numeric.
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* src/df.c (get_header): Get the translation of "blocks" here,
rather than just marking the string for translation.
Fixes http://bugs.gnu.org/15054
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* doc/coreutils.texi (seq invocation): Add a sentence clarifying
that seq terminates when LAST becomes smaller than the current number
plus INCREMENT.
* src/seq.c (usage): Likewise.
Fixes http://bugs.gnu.org/15068
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* doc/coreutils.texi (df invocation): In the example list of common
file system types, exchange the entries which are not so common
anymore (4.2, ufs, efs, hsfs, pcfs) by far more prominent ones
(ext2, ext3, ext4, xfs, btrfs, iso9660, ntfs, fat).
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* doc/coreutils.texi (df invocation): s/pseude/pseudo/
* THANKS.in (Filipus Klutiero): Remove entry, now that it will be
automatically included in the generated THANKS file.
Fixes http://bugs.gnu.org/15041
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Also slightly rephrase some descriptions for extra clarity, and
add more consistent indentation.
* src/df.c (usage): Semicolon, no final period.
* src/du.c (usage): Likewise, plus indentation and clarifying words.
* src/ls.c (usage): Semicolon, rephrasings, added parentheses for
clarity, indentation.
* src/rm.c (usage): Semicolons.
* src/tail.c (usage): Adjust -f description to prefer explanatory
language instead of option syntax.
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