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| -rw-r--r-- | THANKS | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/coreutils.texi | 322 |
2 files changed, 163 insertions, 162 deletions
@@ -66,8 +66,9 @@ Barry Kelly http://barrkel.blogspot.com/ Bauke Jan Douma bjdouma@xs4all.nl Ben Elliston bje@air.net.au Ben Harris bjh21@netbsd.org -Benjamin Cutler cutlerbc@simla.colostate.edu Bengt Martensson bengt@mathematik.uni-Bremen.de +Benjamin Cutler cutlerbc@simla.colostate.edu +Benno Schulenberg bensberg@justemail.net Bernard Giroud bernard.giroud@creditlyonnais.ch Bernd Eckenfels ecki@debian.org Bernd Leibing bernd.leibing@rz.uni-ulm.de diff --git a/doc/coreutils.texi b/doc/coreutils.texi index 21b3b52bb..27c58090d 100644 --- a/doc/coreutils.texi +++ b/doc/coreutils.texi @@ -176,198 +176,198 @@ Free Documentation License''. @cindex file utilities @menu -* Introduction:: Caveats, overview, and authors. -* Common options:: Common options. -* Output of entire files:: cat tac nl od -* Formatting file contents:: fmt pr fold -* Output of parts of files:: head tail split csplit -* Summarizing files:: wc sum cksum md5sum sha1sum sha2 -* Operating on sorted files:: sort shuf uniq comm ptx tsort -* Operating on fields within a line:: cut paste join -* Operating on characters:: tr expand unexpand -* Directory listing:: ls dir vdir dircolors -* Basic operations:: cp dd install mv rm shred -* Special file types:: ln mkdir rmdir mkfifo mknod -* Changing file attributes:: chgrp chmod chown touch -* Disk usage:: df du stat sync truncate -* Printing text:: echo printf yes -* Conditions:: false true test expr -* Redirection:: tee -* File name manipulation:: dirname basename pathchk -* Working context:: pwd stty printenv tty -* User information:: id logname whoami groups users who -* System context:: date uname hostname hostid uptime -* SELinux context:: chcon runcon -* Modified command invocation:: chroot env nice nohup stdbuf su timeout -* Process control:: kill -* Delaying:: sleep -* Numeric operations:: factor seq -* File permissions:: Access modes. -* Date input formats:: Specifying date strings. -* Opening the software toolbox:: The software tools philosophy. -* GNU Free Documentation License:: Copying and sharing this manual. -* Concept index:: General index. +* Introduction:: Caveats, overview, and authors +* Common options:: Common options +* Output of entire files:: cat tac nl od base64 +* Formatting file contents:: fmt pr fold +* Output of parts of files:: head tail split csplit +* Summarizing files:: wc sum cksum md5sum sha1sum sha2 +* Operating on sorted files:: sort shuf uniq comm ptx tsort +* Operating on fields:: cut paste join +* Operating on characters:: tr expand unexpand +* Directory listing:: ls dir vdir dircolors +* Basic operations:: cp dd install mv rm shred +* Special file types:: mkdir rmdir unlink mkfifo mknod ln link readlink +* Changing file attributes:: chgrp chmod chown touch +* Disk usage:: df du stat sync truncate +* Printing text:: echo printf yes +* Conditions:: false true test expr +* Redirection:: tee +* File name manipulation:: dirname basename pathchk +* Working context:: pwd stty printenv tty +* User information:: id logname whoami groups users who +* System context:: date arch uname hostname hostid uptime +* SELinux context:: chcon runcon +* Modified command invocation:: chroot env nice nohup stdbuf su timeout +* Process control:: kill +* Delaying:: sleep +* Numeric operations:: factor seq +* File permissions:: Access modes +* Date input formats:: Specifying date strings +* Opening the software toolbox:: The software tools philosophy +* GNU Free Documentation License:: Copying and sharing this manual +* Concept index:: General index @detailmenu --- The Detailed Node Listing --- Common Options -* Exit status:: Indicating program success or failure. -* Backup options:: Backup options -* Block size:: Block size -* Signal specifications:: Specifying signals +* Exit status:: Indicating program success or failure +* Backup options:: Backup options +* Block size:: Block size +* Signal specifications:: Specifying signals * Disambiguating names and IDs:: chgrp and chown owner and group syntax -* Random sources:: Sources of random data -* Target directory:: Target directory -* Trailing slashes:: Trailing slashes -* Traversing symlinks:: Traversing symlinks to directories -* Treating / specially:: Treating / specially -* Standards conformance:: Standards conformance +* Random sources:: Sources of random data +* Target directory:: Target directory +* Trailing slashes:: Trailing slashes +* Traversing symlinks:: Traversing symlinks to directories +* Treating / specially:: Treating / specially +* Standards conformance:: Standards conformance Output of entire files -* cat invocation:: Concatenate and write files. -* tac invocation:: Concatenate and write files in reverse. -* nl invocation:: Number lines and write files. -* od invocation:: Write files in octal or other formats. -* base64 invocation:: Transform data into printable data. +* cat invocation:: Concatenate and write files +* tac invocation:: Concatenate and write files in reverse +* nl invocation:: Number lines and write files +* od invocation:: Write files in octal or other formats +* base64 invocation:: Transform data into printable data Formatting file contents -* fmt invocation:: Reformat paragraph text. -* pr invocation:: Paginate or columnate files for printing. -* fold invocation:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width. +* fmt invocation:: Reformat paragraph text +* pr invocation:: Paginate or columnate files for printing +* fold invocation:: Wrap input lines to fit in specified width Output of parts of files -* head invocation:: Output the first part of files. -* tail invocation:: Output the last part of files. -* split invocation:: Split a file into fixed-size pieces. -* csplit invocation:: Split a file into context-determined pieces. +* head invocation:: Output the first part of files +* tail invocation:: Output the last part of files +* split invocation:: Split a file into fixed-size pieces +* csplit invocation:: Split a file into context-determined pieces Summarizing files -* wc invocation:: Print newline, word, and byte counts. -* sum invocation:: Print checksum and block counts. -* cksum invocation:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts. -* md5sum invocation:: Print or check MD5 digests. -* sha1sum invocation:: Print or check SHA-1 digests. -* sha2 utilities:: Print or check SHA-2 digests. +* wc invocation:: Print newline, word, and byte counts +* sum invocation:: Print checksum and block counts +* cksum invocation:: Print CRC checksum and byte counts +* md5sum invocation:: Print or check MD5 digests +* sha1sum invocation:: Print or check SHA-1 digests +* sha2 utilities:: Print or check SHA-2 digests Operating on sorted files -* sort invocation:: Sort text files. -* shuf invocation:: Shuffle text files. -* uniq invocation:: Uniquify files. -* comm invocation:: Compare two sorted files line by line. -* ptx invocation:: Produce a permuted index of file contents. -* tsort invocation:: Topological sort. +* sort invocation:: Sort text files +* shuf invocation:: Shuffle text files +* uniq invocation:: Uniquify files +* comm invocation:: Compare two sorted files line by line +* ptx invocation:: Produce a permuted index of file contents +* tsort invocation:: Topological sort @command{ptx}: Produce permuted indexes -* General options in ptx:: Options which affect general program behavior. -* Charset selection in ptx:: Underlying character set considerations. -* Input processing in ptx:: Input fields, contexts, and keyword selection. -* Output formatting in ptx:: Types of output format, and sizing the fields. -* Compatibility in ptx:: The @acronym{GNU} extensions to @command{ptx} +* General options in ptx:: Options which affect general program behavior +* Charset selection in ptx:: Underlying character set considerations +* Input processing in ptx:: Input fields, contexts, and keyword selection +* Output formatting in ptx:: Types of output format, and sizing the fields +* Compatibility in ptx:: The @acronym{GNU} extensions to @command{ptx} -Operating on fields within a line +Operating on fields -* cut invocation:: Print selected parts of lines. -* paste invocation:: Merge lines of files. -* join invocation:: Join lines on a common field. +* cut invocation:: Print selected parts of lines +* paste invocation:: Merge lines of files +* join invocation:: Join lines on a common field Operating on characters -* tr invocation:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters. -* expand invocation:: Convert tabs to spaces. -* unexpand invocation:: Convert spaces to tabs. +* tr invocation:: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters +* expand invocation:: Convert tabs to spaces +* unexpand invocation:: Convert spaces to tabs @command{tr}: Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters -* Character sets:: Specifying sets of characters. -* Translating:: Changing one set of characters to another. -* Squeezing:: Squeezing repeats and deleting. +* Character sets:: Specifying sets of characters +* Translating:: Changing one set of characters to another +* Squeezing:: Squeezing repeats and deleting Directory listing -* ls invocation:: List directory contents -* dir invocation:: Briefly list directory contents -* vdir invocation:: Verbosely list directory contents -* dircolors invocation:: Color setup for @command{ls} +* ls invocation:: List directory contents +* dir invocation:: Briefly list directory contents +* vdir invocation:: Verbosely list directory contents +* dircolors invocation:: Color setup for @command{ls} @command{ls}: List directory contents -* Which files are listed:: Which files are listed -* What information is listed:: What information is listed -* Sorting the output:: Sorting the output -* More details about version sort:: More details about version sort -* General output formatting:: General output formatting -* Formatting the file names:: Formatting the file names +* Which files are listed:: Which files are listed +* What information is listed:: What information is listed +* Sorting the output:: Sorting the output +* Details about version sort:: More details about version sort +* General output formatting:: General output formatting +* Formatting the file names:: Formatting the file names Basic operations -* cp invocation:: Copy files and directories -* dd invocation:: Convert and copy a file -* install invocation:: Copy files and set attributes -* mv invocation:: Move (rename) files -* rm invocation:: Remove files or directories -* shred invocation:: Remove files more securely +* cp invocation:: Copy files and directories +* dd invocation:: Convert and copy a file +* install invocation:: Copy files and set attributes +* mv invocation:: Move (rename) files +* rm invocation:: Remove files or directories +* shred invocation:: Remove files more securely Special file types -* link invocation:: Make a hard link via the link syscall -* ln invocation:: Make links between files -* mkdir invocation:: Make directories -* mkfifo invocation:: Make FIFOs (named pipes) -* mknod invocation:: Make block or character special files -* readlink invocation:: Print value of a symlink or canonical file name -* rmdir invocation:: Remove empty directories -* unlink invocation:: Remove files via unlink syscall +* link invocation:: Make a hard link via the link syscall +* ln invocation:: Make links between files +* mkdir invocation:: Make directories +* mkfifo invocation:: Make FIFOs (named pipes) +* mknod invocation:: Make block or character special files +* readlink invocation:: Print value of a symlink or canonical file name +* rmdir invocation:: Remove empty directories +* unlink invocation:: Remove files via unlink syscall Changing file attributes -* chown invocation:: Change file owner and group -* chgrp invocation:: Change group ownership -* chmod invocation:: Change access permissions -* touch invocation:: Change file timestamps +* chown invocation:: Change file owner and group +* chgrp invocation:: Change group ownership +* chmod invocation:: Change access permissions +* touch invocation:: Change file timestamps Disk usage -* df invocation:: Report file system disk space usage -* du invocation:: Estimate file space usage -* stat invocation:: Report file or file system status -* sync invocation:: Synchronize data on disk with memory -* truncate invocation:: Shrink or extend the size of a file +* df invocation:: Report file system disk space usage +* du invocation:: Estimate file space usage +* stat invocation:: Report file or file system status +* sync invocation:: Synchronize data on disk with memory +* truncate invocation:: Shrink or extend the size of a file Printing text -* echo invocation:: Print a line of text -* printf invocation:: Format and print data -* yes invocation:: Print a string until interrupted +* echo invocation:: Print a line of text +* printf invocation:: Format and print data +* yes invocation:: Print a string until interrupted Conditions -* false invocation:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully -* true invocation:: Do nothing, successfully -* test invocation:: Check file types and compare values -* expr invocation:: Evaluate expressions +* false invocation:: Do nothing, unsuccessfully +* true invocation:: Do nothing, successfully +* test invocation:: Check file types and compare values +* expr invocation:: Evaluate expressions @command{test}: Check file types and compare values -* File type tests:: File type tests -* Access permission tests:: Access permission tests -* File characteristic tests:: File characteristic tests -* String tests:: String tests -* Numeric tests:: Numeric tests +* File type tests:: File type tests +* Access permission tests:: Access permission tests +* File characteristic tests:: File characteristic tests +* String tests:: String tests +* Numeric tests:: Numeric tests @command{expr}: Evaluate expression -* String expressions:: + : match substr index length -* Numeric expressions:: + - * / % -* Relations for expr:: | & < <= = == != >= > -* Examples of expr:: Examples of using @command{expr} +* String expressions:: + : match substr index length +* Numeric expressions:: + - * / % +* Relations for expr:: | & < <= = == != >= > +* Examples of expr:: Examples of using @command{expr} Redirection @@ -388,13 +388,13 @@ Working context @command{stty}: Print or change terminal characteristics -* Control:: Control settings -* Input:: Input settings -* Output:: Output settings -* Local:: Local settings -* Combination:: Combination settings -* Characters:: Special characters -* Special:: Special settings +* Control:: Control settings +* Input:: Input settings +* Output:: Output settings +* Local:: Local settings +* Combination:: Combination settings +* Characters:: Special characters +* Special:: Special settings User information @@ -420,10 +420,10 @@ System context * Date conversion specifiers:: %[aAbBcCdDeFgGhjmuUVwWxyY] * Literal conversion specifiers:: %[%nt] * Padding and other flags:: Pad with zeros, spaces, etc. -* Setting the time:: Changing the system clock. -* Options for date:: Instead of the current time. -* Date input formats:: Specifying date strings. -* Examples of date:: Examples. +* Setting the time:: Changing the system clock +* Options for date:: Instead of the current time +* Date input formats:: Specifying date strings +* Examples of date:: Examples SELinux context @@ -455,23 +455,23 @@ Numeric operations File permissions -* Mode Structure:: Structure of file mode bits. -* Symbolic Modes:: Mnemonic representation of file mode bits. -* Numeric Modes:: File mode bits as octal numbers. -* Directory Setuid and Setgid:: Set-user-ID and set-group-ID on directories. +* Mode Structure:: Structure of file mode bits +* Symbolic Modes:: Mnemonic representation of file mode bits +* Numeric Modes:: File mode bits as octal numbers +* Directory Setuid and Setgid:: Set-user-ID and set-group-ID on directories Date input formats -* General date syntax:: Common rules. -* Calendar date items:: 19 Dec 1994. -* Time of day items:: 9:20pm. -* Time zone items:: @sc{est}, @sc{pdt}, @sc{gmt}. -* Day of week items:: Monday and others. -* Relative items in date strings:: next tuesday, 2 years ago. -* Pure numbers in date strings:: 19931219, 1440. -* Seconds since the Epoch:: @@1078100502. -* Specifying time zone rules:: TZ="America/New_York", TZ="UTC0". -* Authors of get_date:: Bellovin, Eggert, Salz, Berets, et al. +* General date syntax:: Common rules +* Calendar date items:: 19 Dec 1994 +* Time of day items:: 9:20pm +* Time zone items:: @sc{est}, @sc{pdt}, @sc{gmt} +* Day of week items:: Monday and others +* Relative items in date strings:: next tuesday, 2 years ago +* Pure numbers in date strings:: 19931219, 1440 +* Seconds since the Epoch:: @@1078100502 +* Specifying time zone rules:: TZ="America/New_York", TZ="UTC0" +* Authors of get_date:: Bellovin, Eggert, Salz, Berets, et al Opening the software toolbox @@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ Opening the software toolbox Copying This Manual -* GNU Free Documentation License:: Copying and sharing this manual. +* GNU Free Documentation License:: Copying and sharing this manual @end detailmenu @end menu @@ -5236,8 +5236,8 @@ the way the linker handled archive files, which has since been solved in different ways. -@node Operating on fields within a line -@chapter Operating on fields within a line +@node Operating on fields +@chapter Operating on fields @menu * cut invocation:: Print selected parts of lines. @@ -6123,7 +6123,7 @@ Also see @ref{Common options}. * Which files are listed:: * What information is listed:: * Sorting the output:: -* More details about version sort:: +* Details about version sort:: * General output formatting:: * Formatting file timestamps:: * Formatting the file names:: @@ -6653,7 +6653,7 @@ directories, since not doing any sorting can be noticeably faster. @opindex version@r{, sorting option for @command{ls}} Sort by version name and number, lowest first. It behaves like a default sort, except that each sequence of decimal digits is treated numerically -as an index/version number. (@xref{More details about version sort}.) +as an index/version number. (@xref{Details about version sort}.) @item -X @itemx --sort=extension @@ -6666,8 +6666,8 @@ after the last @samp{.}); files with no extension are sorted first. @end table -@node More details about version sort -@subsection More details about version sort +@node Details about version sort +@subsection Details about version sort The version sort takes into account the fact that file names frequently include indices or version numbers. Standard sorting functions usually do not produce |