(usage): Add one or two lines of descriptive text.

16 files changed, 32 insertions, 15 deletions

diff --git a/src/chgrp.c b/src/chgrp.c
index 8c77bd360..9b0dd8656 100644
--- a/src/chgrp.c
+++ b/src/chgrp.c
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ usage (status)
     {
       printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION]... GROUP FILE...\n", program_name);
       printf ("\
+Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP.\n\
 \n\
   -c, --changes           like verbose but report only when a change is made\n\
   -f, --silent, --quiet   suppress most error messages\n\
diff --git a/src/chown.c b/src/chown.c
index 3fc930488..055b61840 100644
--- a/src/chown.c
+++ b/src/chown.c
@@ -302,6 +302,7 @@ Usage: %s [OPTION]... OWNER[.[GROUP]] FILE...\n\
 ",
 	      program_name, program_name);
       printf ("\
+Change the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP.\n\
 \n\
   -c, --changes           be verbose whenever change occurs\n\
   -f, --silent, --quiet   suppress most error messages\n\
diff --git a/src/dd.c b/src/dd.c
index 6674bef4d..aa6513acf 100644
--- a/src/dd.c
+++ b/src/dd.c
@@ -1092,6 +1092,7 @@ usage (status)
     {
       printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION]...\n", program_name);
       printf ("\
+Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the options.\n\
 \n\
   bs=BYTES        force ibs=BYTES and obs=BYTES\n\
   cbs=BYTES       convert BYTES bytes at a time\n\
diff --git a/src/df.c b/src/df.c
index 2d6f4d21a..00c5075fd 100644
--- a/src/df.c
+++ b/src/df.c
@@ -518,6 +518,8 @@ usage (status)
     {
       printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n", program_name);
       printf ("\
+Show information about the filesystem on which each FILE resides,\n\
+or all filesystems by default.\n\
 \n\
   -a, --all                 include filesystems having 0 blocks\n\
   -i, --inodes              list inode information instead of block usage\n\
@@ -530,9 +532,7 @@ usage (status)
   -P, --portability         use the POSIX output format\n\
   -T, --print-type          print filesystem type\n\
       --help                display this help and exit\n\
-      --version             output version information and exit\n\
-\n\
-If no FILEs are given, list all currently mounted filesystems.\n");
+      --version             output version information and exit\n");
     }
   exit (status);
 }
diff --git a/src/du.c b/src/du.c
index c5022a6aa..2f4398ba2 100644
--- a/src/du.c
+++ b/src/du.c
@@ -267,8 +267,9 @@ usage (status, reason)
 	     program_name);
   else
     {
-      printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION]... [PATH]...\n", program_name);
+      printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n", program_name);
       printf ("\
+Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.\n\
 \n\
   -a, --all                write counts for all files, not just directories\n\
   -b, --bytes              print size in bytes\n\
diff --git a/src/install.c b/src/install.c
index f2315020b..c7d926fbb 100644
--- a/src/install.c
+++ b/src/install.c
@@ -538,15 +538,18 @@ usage (status)
       printf ("\
 Usage: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST           (1st format)\n\
   or:  %s [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY   (2nd format)\n\
-  or:  %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...          (3nd format)\n\
+  or:  %s -d [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...       (3nd format)\n\
 ",
 	      program_name, program_name, program_name);
       printf ("\
+In first two formats, copy SOURCE to DEST or multiple SOURCE(s) to\n\
+DIRECTORY, while setting permission modes and owner/group.  In third\n\
+format, make all components of the given DIRECTORY(ies).\n\
 \n\
   -c                  (ignored)\n\
   -d, --directory     create [leading] directories, mandatory for 3rd format\n\
   -g, --group=GROUP   set group ownership, instead of process' current group\n\
-  -m, --mode=MODE     set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of 0755\n\
+  -m, --mode=MODE     set permission mode (as in chmod), instead of rw-r--r--\n\
   -o, --owner=OWNER   set ownership (super-user only)\n\
   -s, --strip         strip symbol tables, only for 1st and 2nd formats\n\
       --help          display this help and exit\n\
diff --git a/src/ln.c b/src/ln.c
index 404e9a3e6..948cb14e0 100644
--- a/src/ln.c
+++ b/src/ln.c
@@ -409,6 +409,8 @@ Usage: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE [DEST]\n\
 ",
 	      program_name, program_name);
       printf ("\
+Link SOURCE to DEST (. by default), or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.\n\
+Makes hard links by default, symbolic links with -s.\n\
 \n\
   -b, --backup                 make backups for removed files\n\
   -d, -F, --directory          hard link directories (super-user only)\n\
@@ -416,7 +418,7 @@ Usage: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE [DEST]\n\
   -n, --no-dereference         with --force, remove destination that is a\n\
                                  symlink to a directory\n\
   -i, --interactive            prompt whether to remove destinations\n\
-  -s, --symbolic               make symbolic links, instead of hard links\n\
+  -s, --symbolic               make symbolic links instead of hard links\n\
   -v, --verbose                print name of each file before linking\n\
   -S, --suffix=SUFFIX          override the usual backup suffix\n\
   -V, --version-control=WORD   override the usual version control\n\
diff --git a/src/ls.c b/src/ls.c
index ed289c319..90d92c598 100644
--- a/src/ls.c
+++ b/src/ls.c
@@ -2556,8 +2556,10 @@ usage (status)
 	     program_name);
   else
     {
-      printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION]... [PATH]...\n", program_name);
+      printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION]... [FILE]...\n", program_name);
       printf ("\
+List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).\n\
+Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort.\n\
 \n\
   -A, --almost-all           do not list implied . and ..\n\
   -a, --all                  do not hide entries starting with .\n\
@@ -2609,9 +2611,7 @@ usage (status)
   -7, --7bit                 allow only 7-bit ASCII characters to be printed\n\
   -8, --8bit                 allow 8-bit ISO 8859 characters to be printed\n\
       --help                 display this help and exit\n\
-      --version              output version information and exit\n\
-\n\
-Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuSUX nor --sort.\n");
+      --version              output version information and exit");
     }
   exit (status);
 }
diff --git a/src/mkdir.c b/src/mkdir.c
index 23932ae48..fe0c72fb2 100644
--- a/src/mkdir.c
+++ b/src/mkdir.c
@@ -148,9 +148,10 @@ usage (status)
     {
       printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION] DIRECTORY...\n", program_name);
       printf ("\
+Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist.\n\
 \n\
   -p, --parents     no error if existing, make parent directories as needed\n\
-  -m, --mode=MODE   set permission mode (as in chmod), not 0777 - umask\n\
+  -m, --mode=MODE   set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask\n\
       --help        display this help and exit\n\
       --version     output version information and exit\n");
     }
diff --git a/src/mkfifo.c b/src/mkfifo.c
index 5150668d6..095abf4c0 100644
--- a/src/mkfifo.c
+++ b/src/mkfifo.c
@@ -131,8 +131,9 @@ usage (status)
 	     program_name);
   else
     {
-      printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION] PATH...\n", program_name);
+      printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION] NAME...\n", program_name);
       printf ("\
+Create named pipes (FIFOs) with the given NAMEs.\n\
 \n\
   -m, --mode=MODE   set permission mode (as in chmod), not 0666 - umask\n\
       --help        display this help and exit\n\
diff --git a/src/mknod.c b/src/mknod.c
index 13adf8294..29ec39bdd 100644
--- a/src/mknod.c
+++ b/src/mknod.c
@@ -240,8 +240,9 @@ usage (status)
 	     program_name);
   else
     {
-      printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION]... PATH TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]\n", program_name);
+      printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION]... NAME TYPE [MAJOR MINOR]\n", program_name);
       printf ("\
+Create the special file NAME of the given TYPE.\n\
 \n\
   -m, --mode=MODE   set permission mode (as in chmod), not 0666 - umask\n\
       --help        display this help and exit\n\
diff --git a/src/mv.c b/src/mv.c
index db43245bf..4e7fcb8b7 100644
--- a/src/mv.c
+++ b/src/mv.c
@@ -473,6 +473,7 @@ Usage: %s [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST\n\
 ",
 	      program_name, program_name);
       printf ("\
+Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.\n\
 \n\
   -b, --backup                 make backup before removal\n\
   -f, --force                  remove existing destinations, never prompt\n\
diff --git a/src/rm.c b/src/rm.c
index 5f6e6d0aa..0ed221c32 100644
--- a/src/rm.c
+++ b/src/rm.c
@@ -528,8 +528,9 @@ usage (status)
 	     program_name);
   else
     {
-      printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION]... PATH...\n", program_name);
+      printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...\n", program_name);
       printf ("\
+Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).\n\
 \n\
   -d, --directory       unlink directory, even if non-empty (super-user only)\n\
   -f, --force           ignore nonexistent files, never prompt\n\
diff --git a/src/rmdir.c b/src/rmdir.c
index e17383f3a..17381555c 100644
--- a/src/rmdir.c
+++ b/src/rmdir.c
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ usage (status)
     {
       printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION]... DIRECTORY...\n", program_name);
       printf ("\
+Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty.\n\
 \n\
   -p, --parents   remove explicit parent directories if being emptied\n\
       --help      display this help and exit\n\
diff --git a/src/sync.c b/src/sync.c
index acdbcb0d6..1c1a0b84a 100644
--- a/src/sync.c
+++ b/src/sync.c
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ usage (status)
     {
       printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION]\n", program_name);
       printf ("\
+Force changed blocks to disk, update the super block.\n\
 \n\
   --help      display this help and exit\n\
   --version   output version information and exit\n\
diff --git a/src/touch.c b/src/touch.c
index 06d69a9c1..f636632be 100644
--- a/src/touch.c
+++ b/src/touch.c
@@ -378,6 +378,7 @@ usage (status)
     {
       printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION]... FILE...\n", program_name);
       printf ("\
+Update the access and modification times of each FILE to the current time.\n\
 \n\
   -a                     change only the access time\n\
   -c                     do not create any files\n\